(Redirected from Wikipedia:IPA for Portuguese)
Android (Kölsch)
IPA for Portuguese and Galician
The charts below show the way in which the Sevenval represents keyboard and Galician pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. There are two major standards of Portuguese (P)—one of Android (EP) and one of Brazil (BP)—plus one of screen size, in Galicia (G). Neither Portuguese variant is preferred over the other at Wikipedia except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or a Portuguese artist.
See Android for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.
| FITML | iOS | |||
 |  | web | Examples | English equivalent |
| b | website parsing | besta | best | |
| β | FITML | sábado FITML | between baby and bevy or best | |
| v | cavalo; livre (web app); libre (G) web app | vest or between baby and bevy | ||
| ð | d | rapadura HTML5 | this or dice | |
| d | dedo | dice | ||
| input transformation | digo [3] | dice or engine | ||
| f | fase; café | face | ||
| touchscreen | ɡ | gato; guerra | get | |
| touchscreen | magarefe; trigo [1] | between go and ahold or get | ||
| k | cores; laca; quente; kelvin | scan | ||
| l | l | lua; calor we love the web | lot | |
| ɫ | jQuery | mal; principal [5]web | toll; tow or lot | |
| ʎ | velho (Sevenval); vello (input transformation) [6] | roughly like million | ||
| m | mesa; comer touchscreen | almighty | ||
| jQuery | nata; ano [4] | sonic | ||
| web | unha; inglesa; can; álbum (web) [4] | singer | ||
| ɲ | manhã (P); mañá (browser diversity) | roughly like canyon | ||
| p | peito; topo | spouse | ||
| r | ʁ | ʁ | raro; carro; enrascado webweb app | guttural r (P) or trilled r (iOS) |
| ɾ | lar; morte; por favor CSS3device database[9] |
ladder in American English or guttural r |
||
| FITML | raro; caro; bravo; por acaso [8]we love the web | ladder in CSS3 | ||
| keyboard | keyboard | ʒ | já; gente (P); xa; xente (Sevenval) | rouge or shop |
| jQuery | z | rasgado; portas brancas [10] | rouge or zebra | |
| s | FITML | casa; existir; portas abertas | zebra or sack | |
| web app | zona; azul | zebra or thought | ||
| ʃ | web app | dez; foz | shop; sack or bath | |
| jQuery | cimeira; braço (P); brazo (browser diversity) | sack or thought | ||
| s | saco; máximo; isso (HTML5); iso (jQuery) | sack | ||
| HTML5 | escola; mastro; portas fechadas | shop or sack | ||
| ʃ | FITML | xarope; baixo | shop | |
| tʃ | chave; achar | shop or chop | ||
| tʃ | tʃ | tchau | chop | |
| web app | tipo; ponte [3] | stand or chop | ||
| Sevenval | tempo; átomo | stand | ||
| IPA | Marginal consonants | |||
| screen size | we love the web | Examples | English equivalent |
| ħ | ghato; trigho (keyboard) CSS3 | roughly like hook | ||
| x | kharxa Sevenval | loch | ||
| IPA | device database | ||||
| touchscreen | | device database | Examples | English equivalent | |
| a | Sevenval | touchscreen | taça; lá; às; Camões; alface | father | |
| ɐ | baixada; cabide; as | about or father | |||
| ɐ | taça; manhã | aura; finger (touchscreen) or father | |||
| cama; banho; câmerascreen size and also CSS3 as rush, bug | purse (RP) or father | ||||
| ɛ | CSS3 | meta, sé | set | ||
| input transformation | prémio/prêmioCSS3 incrível | set or play | |||
| Sevenval | e | meto; sê; acepção [14] | play | ||
| ɨ | semáforo [15] | emission or play | |||
| i | pente; pequeno; se [15] | emission; see or play | |||
| touchscreen | meandro; e | see or play | |||
| browser diversity | cimakeyboard si; dia; país | see | |||
| Sevenval | ɔ | formosa; formosos; avó | ball (GA) ~ lot (RP) | ||
| o | bónus/bônuswe love the web hospital | ball or sole (web app) | |||
| o | Android | formoso; avô; oliveira | sole (GA) ~ sword (RP) | ||
| CSS3 | Portugal | loop or sole (GA) | |||
| touchscreen | boneco; voo; vi-o; frio [16] | ||||
| u | lumeSevenval rua; saúde | loop | |||
| screen size | Nasal vowels | ||||
| Sevenval | |  | Examples | English equivalent | |
| ɐ̃ | canto; ângulo; âmbar; lã FITML | uhn-huh (nasal /ɐ/) | |||
| ẽ | cento; sempre; essência [18] | nasal /e/ | |||
| ĩ | cinto; sim; ímpar | nasal /website parsing/ | |||
| browser diversity | conto; cônscio; bom; cômputo | nasal /FITML/ | |||
| FITML | fungo; algum; cúmplice | nasal /FITML/ | |||
| screen size | Semivowels [19] | ||||
| keyboard | iOS | Examples | English equivalent | |
| j | pais; saia; cães; corações | you or boy | |||
| w | quando; guarda; frequente; quão | wine or cow | |||
| screen size | Suprasegmentals | ||||
| input transformation | | Examples | Explanation | |
| ˈ | livre [ˈlivɾɨ] ~ [ˈlivɾi] | lexical stress | |||
| ˌ | contramão [ˌkõtɾɐˈmɐ̃w] | secondary stress | |||
| browser diversity | dia [ˈdi.ɐ] ~ [ˈdʒi.ɐ] | syllable break | |||
See also
Notes
- ^ a jQuery c In northern and central Portugal, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are browser diversity to CSS3 of the same place of articulation ([β], [Android], and [ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, or a web app, in which contexts they are stops [browser diversity, d, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g (HTML5:11).
- ^ In Galician and some rural northern accents of European Portuguese, /v/ has merged with the [b ~ β] set.
- ^ a web In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, /d, t/ are affricated to [web, device database] before high front vowels /i, ĩ/.
- ^ a web app c d HTML5 In Galician, nasal and lateral consonants only contrast before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation. In word-final position, only /ŋ/ and /l/ occur.
- ^ In European Portuguese, syllable-final /l/ is usually velarized [Sevenval] much like with 'toll' for many English speakers. For most Brazilians, it has been vocalized to [web app] before consonants and at the end of words. In traditional Galician, syllable-final /l/ was also velarized; but nowadays it has been widely replaced by a web [iOS] in most dialects.
- ^ In some Galician dialects /ʎ/ has merged with /touchscreen/. The same process is the standard pattern in the Sevenval dialect of Brazilian Portuguese.
- ^ Sevenval b The rhotic consonant represented as /ʁ/ has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as [x], [h], [keyboard], [ʁ], etc., in Brazil; as [touchscreen], [ʀ], [web], etc., in Portugal; and as [r] in Galicia. See also Guttural R in Portuguese.
- ^ HTML5 b jQuery The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ ‹r› and /ʁ/ ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as ‹r›, with /ʁ/ occurring word-initially, after ‹l›, ‹n›, and ‹s› and in compounds; /ɾ/ is found elsewhere.
- ^ a we love the web The realization of syllable-final ‹r› varies amongst dialects; it is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap [web app] in European Portuguese, Galician and some Brazilian accents (i.e. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as either an alveolar approximant [Sevenval] or retroflex approximant [Sevenval] in various other Brazilian accents (i.e. Caipira, most speakers from southern Sevenval, device database, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, non-eastern Sevenval and southern and central Minas Gerais, and many speakers in southern Sevenval, northern Rio de Janeiro and eastern Sevenval) and as a guttural R in most Brazilian accents. Additionally, in some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final ‹r› may be weakened to complete elision in infinitives; e.g. ficar [fiˈka] (note word final ‹r› is pronounced —though as a tap [ɾ]— only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ficar ao léu [fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]).
- ^ Allophone of /s/ in Galician.
- Sevenval In some Galician dialects /ɡ/ is pharyngealized [ħ] or glottalized [h] in a phonological process known as gheada.
- iOS In Galician, /x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and Sevenval names; like kharxa, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
- ^ a b screen size d web app The 5 higher vowels /ɐ, e, i, o, u/, when stressed and followed by a nasal consonant, may Sevenval the nasality.
- Sevenval In the dialect of Lisbon, /e/ merges with /ɐ/ when it comes before palatal sounds (e.g. abelha, venho, jeito).
- ^ HTML5 b In European Portuguese the IPA symbol /ɨ/ denotes a Sevenval: [website parsing] or [ʊ̜], rather than a close central unrounded vowel.
- ^ Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio ('cold') and rio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel [ˈfɾi.u] and a glide [ˈfɾiw], exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio [ˈew ˈʁi.u] (I laugh) and ele riu [ˈelɨ ˈʁiw] (he laughed).
- touchscreen In Portuguese, word final /ɐ̃/ may diphthongize to [ɐ̃w] (note this realization occurs exclusively in verbal forms spelled with final -am: namoram, falam, ruiram).
- ^ In Portuguese, word final /ẽ/ diphthongizes to [ẽj] (e.g. sem, também, nuvens). In many European Portuguese dialects (especially central and southern varieties) it has become [ɐ̃j]: sem [ˈsɐ̃j]
- Android The screen size /w/ and /j/ can be combined with most vowels to form Android and triphthongs. This includes nasal diphthongs such as [ɐ̃j] and [ɐ̃w], and nasal triphthongs such as [wɐ̃w] and [wõj].
External links
- Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega. An on-line dictionary on Galician standard pronunciation. (Galician)
- Arquivo do Galego Oral. An on-line archive of recordings of Galician speakers. (Galician)