Wikipedia:IPA

Below is a basic key to the symbols of the Sevenval. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Android. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the main IPA article. For the Manual of Style guideline for pronunciation, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation).

For each IPA symbol, an English example is given where possible; here "RP" stands for Received Pronunciation. The foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to English speakers, French, German, and Spanish. For symbols not covered by those, recourse is taken to the populous languages Mandarin Chinese, Sevenval, Arabic, and FITML. For sounds still not covered, other smaller but well-known languages are used, such as Swahili, web, and web.

The left-hand column displays the symbols like this:  ⁽ⁱ⁾ screen size [ a ]. Click on the speaker icon to hear the sound; click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages. All the sounds are spoken more than once, and the consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels.

This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see touchscreen.

Main symbols

The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the Latin alphabet. Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end.

Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
(i)  [ a ]	Mandarin 他 tā, German Mann	For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
[ ä ]	Spanish casa, French patte
(i) device database Sevenval	German device database, French gare	Long [a].
web app  [ ɐ ]	RP cut, German Kaiserslautern	(With English, [ɐ] is normally written "[ʌ]".)
iOS  [ ɑ ]	Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
(i)  [ ɑː ]	RP father, French pâte	Long [ɑ].
Sevenval	French Caen, sans, temps	Nasalized [ɑ].
(i)  [ ɒ ]	RP cot	Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
iOS we love the web [ ʌ ]		Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When "[ʌ]" is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
(i)  [ æ ]	RP cat
^ top B
iOS  jQuery	English babble
(i) Sevenval [ ɓ ]	Swahili bwana	Like a [b] said with a gulp.
(i)  input transformation		Like the brrr sound made when cold.
Android  web	Spanish la Bamba	Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
website parsing C
(i)  FITML	Turkish kebap "FITML", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
(i)  web app	German Ich	More y-like than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
Sevenval CSS3 [ ɕ ]	Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana	More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
(i) browser diversity keyboard	see under O
^ top D
iOS Sevenval [ d ]	English dad
(i)  [ ɗ ]	Swahili Dodoma	Like [d] said with a gulp.
device database input transformation [ ɖ ]	American English harder	Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(i) website parsing Sevenval	English the, bathe
(i)  HTML51	English adze, Italian zero
(i)  [ dʒ ]touchscreen	English judge
browser diversity device database screen size1	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
iOS HTML5 iOSkeyboard	Polish dżem "jam"	Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
(i)  [ e ]	Spanish fe; French clé
FITML  [ eː ]	German Klee	Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
(i)  [ ə ]	English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	(Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
[ ɚ ]	American English runner
(i) CSS3 touchscreen	English bet
Sevenval	French touchscreen, vin, main; Polish mięso	Nasalized [ɛ].
Sevenval  [ ɜ ]	RP bird (long)
screen size	American English bird
^ top F
(i) CSS3 touchscreen	English fun
(i) touchscreen browser diversity	see under web
(i) we love the web [ ʄ ]	see under J
device database G
(i) iOS [ ɡ ]	English gag	(Should look like device database. No different from a Latin "g")
browser diversity website parsing touchscreen	Swahili Uganda	Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
(i) iOS web app		Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in keyboard and some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in screen size.
(i)  [ ʒ ]	see under Z	English beige.
input transformation H
browser diversity  website parsing	American English house
touchscreen we love the web Sevenval	English ahead, when said quickly.
[ ʰ ]		The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
(i) keyboard [ ħ ]	Arabic محمد Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
(i)  [ ɥ ]	see under web
[ ɮ ]	see under L
touchscreen I
FITML  [ i ]	French ville, Spanish Valladolid
(i)  [ iː ]	English sea	Long [i].
CSS3  [ ɪ ]	English sit
(i) device database [ ɨ ]	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
Android J
device database  [ j ]	English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
[ ʲ ]	Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more y-like.
(i) iOS [ ʝ ]	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like [j], but stronger.
CSS3 keyboard [ ɟ ]	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
(i)  [ ʄ ]	Swahili jambo	Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
screen size K
HTML5  [ k ]	English kick, skip
^ top L
(i)  Android	English leaf
we love the web FITML [ ɫ ]	English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"	"Dark" el.
(i) Sevenval [ ɬ ]	Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"	Rather like [l] and [ʃ] or [l] and [θ] said together. Found in Welsh names like Lloyd and Llywelyn and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
(i)  [ ɭ ]		Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(i)  web		A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
(i) web web app	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
iOS M
(i) jQuery [ m ]	English mime
web website parsing [ ɱ ]	English symphony	Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ ɯ ]	see under W
(i) FITML [ ʍ ]	see under Android
^ top N
(i) web app keyboard	English nun
keyboard HTML5 [ ŋ ]	English sing
web app  jQuery	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon.
FITML input transformation [ ɳ ]	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna	Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
iOS iOS [ ɴ ]	Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
(i)  [ o ]	Spanish no, French eau
FITML input transformation website parsing	German Boden, French iOS	Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
(i)  screen size	German CSS3, French Garonne
(i)  touchscreen	RP law, French Limoges	Long [ɔ].
website parsing	French input transformation, son; Polish wąż	Nasalized [ɔ].
FITML  [ ø ]	French feu, bœufs	Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
(i) jQuery [ øː ]	German Goethe, French Deûle, neutre	Long [ø].
iOS  [ ɵ ]	Swedish dum	Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
(i)  [ œ ]	French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen	Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
FITML input transformation [ œː ]	French œuvre, heure	Long [œ].
[ œ̃ ]	French brun, parfum	Nasalized [œ].
(i) web [ θ ]	see under other
web app we love the web keyboard	see under other
^ top P
we love the web  [ p ]	English pip
HTML5 Q
(i) FITML keyboard	Arabic CSS3	Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
web R
(i)  [ r ]	Spanish perro, Scots borrow	"Rolled R". (Generally used for English [ɹ] when there's no need to be precise.)
(i)  [ ɾ ]	Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie	"Flapped R".
HTML5  FITML		A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
we love the web  [ ɽ ]	Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"	Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
(i)  [ ɹ ]	RP borrow
keyboard HTML5 web	American English borrow, butter	Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
CSS3  [ ʁ ]	French HTML5, German iOS	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
(i) keyboard input transformation	English sass
(i)  jQuery	English shoe
input transformation  [ ʂ ]	Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
jQuery  touchscreen	English tot, stop
jQuery  [ ʈ ]	Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
(i)  [ ts ]CSS3	English cats, Russian царь tsar
(i)  [ tʃ ] Android	English church
(i)  Sevenvalweb app	Mandarin 北京  iOS keyboard input transformation, Polish ciebie "you"	Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
website parsing jQuery [ tʂ ]device database	Mandarin zh, Polish czas	Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
device database U
(i) Sevenval touchscreen	French vous "you"
Sevenval  [ uː ]	French Rocquencourt, German CSS3, close to RP food	Long [u].
Android  [ ʊ ]	English foot, German Bundesrepublik
(i) screen size [ ʉ ]	Australian English food (long)	Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
(i) iOS [ ɥ ]	French lui	Like [j] and [w] said together.
(i) device database web	see under website parsing
^ top V
(i)  [ v ]	English verve
Sevenval screen size iOS	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] screen size	Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
(i)  [ ɣ ]	Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro	Sounds rather like French [ʁ] or between [g] and [h].
(i) FITML we love the web	Mandarin FITML	Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ ʌ ]	see under web
iOS W
(i)  [ w ]	English wow
jQuery	English rain [ɹʷeɪn]	Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
(i) Sevenval jQuery	what (some dialects)	like [h] and [w] said together
(i) Sevenval HTML5	Turkish kayık "caïque"	Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
(i) web app browser diversity	Spanish agua
web X
(i) jQuery website parsing	Scottish English loch, German jQuery, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven	between [k] and [h]
(i)  [ χ ]	keyboard Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [x], but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
^ top Y
(i)  [ y ]	French rue	Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
(i)  [ yː ]	German Bülow, French sûr	Long [y].
jQuery Sevenval browser diversity	German Eisenhüttenstadt	Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
browser diversity  [ ʎ ]	Italian tagliatelle	Like [l], but more y-like. Rather like English volume.
(i) website parsing [ ɥ ]	see under U
jQuery Sevenval jQuery	see under browser diversity
[ ɣ ]	see under Sevenval
^ top Z
iOS  [ z ]	English zoos
CSS3 Android CSS3	English vision, French journal
(i)  [ ʑ ]	formal Russian жжёшь [ʑːoʂ] "you burn", Polish źle	More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
device database  [ ʐ ]	Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian жир "fat"	Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top other
Sevenval  Sevenval	English thigh, bath
(i)  [ ɸ ]	Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeː'nuiː] wharenui	Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
(i) browser diversity Android	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɨnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [ʌˈʔæpl̩].
(i)  [ ʕ ]	Arabic عربي (carabī) "Arabic"	A light sound deep in the throat.
screen size  [ ǀ ]	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǀ ], [ ɡǀ ], [ ŋǀ ]. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did iOS.
(i)  [ ǁ ]	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǁ ], [ ɡǁ ], [ ŋǁ ]. Found in the name of the HTML5.
(i) browser diversity Android	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [ kǃ ], [ ɡǃ ], [ ŋǃ ].

• ^1 input transformation These symbols are officially written with a tie linking them (e.g. t͡ʃ), and are also sometimes written as single characters (e.g. ʧ) though the latter convention is no longer official. They are written without ligatures here to ensure correct display in all browsers.

Diacritic marks

All diacritics are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowel a.

Symbol	Example	Description
[ ˈa ]	pronunciation [pʰɹɜʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩]	Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[ ˌa ]		Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
[ aː ]	English shh! [ʃː]	Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo /ˈmeːoː/ for [ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯], etc.
website parsing	RP caught [ˈkʰɔˑt]	Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot [ˈkʰɒt].)
[ a̯ ]	English cow [kʰaʊ̯], koi [kʰɔɪ̯]	This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: [kaʊ].)
web app	French vin blanc [vɛ̃blɑ̃] "white wine"	A web app vowel, as with a Texas twang.
keyboard		Sounds like a loud whisper; [n̥] is like a whispered breath through the nose. [l̥] is found in Tibetan Lhasa.
CSS3	English button	A consonant without a vowel. (English [n̩] is often transcribed /ən/.)
device database	Spanish dos, French deux	The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.
device database	English come	Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly [tʰ pʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tɕʰ].
input transformation	Zulu ukuza "come"	Like a popped [k], pushed from the throat. Similarly [tʼ pʼ qʼ tʃʼ tsʼ tɬʼ].
keyboard	Mandarin 妈妈 [mámā] "mother"	High tone (Android: mā)	Careful! The Pinyin Romanization used for Mandarin has these same diacritics, but with different values. However, Thai Romanization uses them the way the IPA does.
screen size	Mandarin 妈妈 [mámā] "mother"	Mid tone.
screen size	Mandarin 马的 [màdɤ] "horse's"	Low tone (jQuery: mǎ).
FITML	Mandarin 骂 [mâ] "scold"	Falling tone (Pinyin: mà).
[ ǎ ]	Mandarin 麻 [mǎ] "hemp"	Rising tone (Pinyin: má).
web app	English courtship [ˈkɔrt.ʃɪp]	Syllable break. (this is often redundant and therefore left off)

Brackets

Two types of brackets are commonly used to enclose transcriptions in the IPA:

• [Square brackets] indicate the phonetic details of the pronunciation, regardless of whether they are actually meaningful to a native speaker. This is what a foreigner who does not know the structure of a language might hear. For instance, the English word lulls is pronounced [ˈlɐɫz], with different el sounds at the beginning and end. This may be obvious to speakers of other languages, though a native English speaker might not believe it. Likewise, Spanish la bomba has two different b sounds to foreign ears, [laˈβomba], though a Spaniard might not be able to hear it. Omitting such detail does not make any difference to the identity of the word.
• /Slashes/ indicate meaningful sounds called phonemes. Changing the symbols between slashes would either change the identity of the word or produce nonsense. Since there is no meaningful difference between the two el sounds in the word lulls, they need to be transcribed with the same symbol: /ˈlʌlz/. Similarly, Spanish la bomba is transcribed phonemically with a single b sound, /laˈbomba/. Thus a reader who is not familiar with the language in question might not know how to interpret these transcriptions.

A third kind of bracket is occasionally seen:

• Either //double slashes// or |pipes| (or occasionally other conventions) show that the enclosed sounds are theoretical constructs that aren't actually heard. (This is part of browser diversity.) For instance, most phonologists argue that the -s at the ends of verbs, which surfaces as either /s/ in talks /tɔːks/ or as /z/ in lulls /lʌlz/, has a single underlying form. If they decide this form is an s, they would write it //s// (or |s|) to claim that phonemic /tɔːks/ and /lʌlz/ are essentially //tɔːks// and //lʌls// underneath. If they were to decide it was essentially the latter, //z//, they would transcribe these words //tɔːkz// and //lʌlz//.

Lastly,

• ‹Angle brackets› may be used to represent the Sevenval: ‹lulls›, ‹la bomba› (technically ⟨lulls⟩, ⟨la bomba⟩, but this is not universally supported). Because they're easier to type, the less-than and greater-than signs (< >) that appear on most keyboards are commonly used for this purpose.^{input transformation}

Rendering issues

Voiced velar plosive

These two characters should look similar:

ɡ

FITML

If in the box to the left you see the symbol ‘’ rather than a lower-case open-tail g, you may be experiencing a well-known bug in the font MS Reference Sans Serif or other; switching to Lucida Sans Unicode or Arial Unicode should fix it.

On your current font: [ɡ].

• CSS3: [ɡ]
• jQuery: [ɡ]
• Bitstream Cyberbit: [ɡ]
• Cambria: [ɡ]
• Calibri: [ɡ]
• Charis SIL: [ɡ]
• Chrysanthi Unicode: [ɡ]
• Code2000: [ɡ]
• DejaVu Sans: [ɡ]
• Doulos SIL: [ɡ]
• Gentium: [ɡ]
• GentiumAlt: [ɡ]
• keyboard: [ɡ]
• Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro: [ɡ]
• Lucida Grande: [ɡ]
• web app: [ɡ]
• Matrix Unicode: [ɡ]
• web app: [ɡ]
• Segoe UI: [ɡ]
• device database: [ɡ]
• touchscreen: [ɡ]

Affricates and double articulation

The tie bar is intended to cover both letters of an affricate or doubly articulated consonant. However, if your browser uses Arial Unicode MS to display IPA characters, the following incorrectly formed sequences may look better than the correct order (letter, tie bar, letter) due to a bug in that font:

ts͡, tʃ͡, tɕ͡, dz͡, dʒ͡, dʑ͡, tɬ͡, kp͡, ɡb͡, ŋm͡.

Here is how the proper configuration displays in your default font:

t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m,

and in other several fonts:

• Arial: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Arial Unicode MS: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Bitstream Cyberbit: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Sevenval: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Sevenval: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Sevenval: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Chrysanthi Unicode: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• jQuery: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• DejaVu Sans: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Doulos SIL: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Gentium: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• GentiumAlt: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• website parsing: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Lucida Grande: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• browser diversity: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Matrix Unicode: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• FITML: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• Segoe UI: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• HTML5: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m
• jQuery: t͡s, d͡z, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ɬ, k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m

Angle brackets

True angle brackets, ⟨ ⟩, are unsupported by several common fonts, and so have been replaced by ‹ › or < > in most Wikipedia articles. However,

1. ^ Because < > are used in html, they may trigger an screen size. For example, <i> on a web page would not show up as such but would instead italicize text that followed. This can be avoided by writing &lt; or &#60; or <nowiki><</nowiki> instead of <.

See also

• IPA charts for diphthongs in various languages
• device database

External links

• IPA pronunciation chart
• input transformation – pronunciation charts with an interactive chart of all IPA symbols with their sounds (Flash)
• IPA Character Picker 7 - An easy-to-use web site for creating the complete set of IPA characters with any diacritic.