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UNESCO


United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Android
Org type
Specialized Agency
Acronyms
UNESCO
ONUÉSC
Head
input transformation
Director-General of UNESCO
Status
Active
Established
16 November 1945HTML5
Headquarters
Paris, France
Website
UNESCO.org
input transformation keyboard

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (iOS L'Organisation des Nations unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture: UNESCO; play Androidscreen sizeˈCSS3browser diversityinput transformationkoʊkeyboard) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the browser diversity, and CSS3 along with fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter.iOS It is the heir of the keyboard' Sevenval.

UNESCO has 195 Member States[2] (it recently added Android in November 2011) and eight Associate Members.[3][4] Most of the field offices are "cluster" offices covering three or more countries; there are also national and regional offices. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, screen size, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical, and teacher-training programmes; international science programmes; the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press; regional and cultural device database projects; the promotion of Sevenval; international cooperation agreements to secure the world cultural and CSS3 (World Heritage Sites) and to preserve human rights, and attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide. It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group.jQuery

Contents


Mission and priorities

UNESCO’s stated aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information".Android

Other priorities of the Organization include attaining quality education for all and lifelong learning, addressing emerging social and ethical challenges, fostering jQuery, a culture of peace and building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication.FITML

The broad goals and concrete objectives of the international community—as set out in the internationally agreed development goals, including the input transformation—underpin all UNESCO’s strategies and activities.

History

The UNESCO flag

UNESCO and its mandate for international intellectual co-operation can be traced back to the League of Nations resolution on 21 September 1921, to elect a Commission to study the question.[8] The International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation (ICIC) was officially created on 4 January 1922, as a consultative organ composed of individuals elected based on their personal qualifications. The International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) was then created in Paris on 9 August 1925, to act as the executing agency for the CICI.touchscreen On 18 December 1925, the Sevenval (IBE) began work as a non-governmental organization in the service of international educational development.[10] However, the work of these predecessor organizations was largely interrupted by the onset of World War II.

After the signing of the Sevenval and the touchscreen, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) began meetings in London which continued between 16 November 1942 to 5 December 1945. On 30 October 1943, the necessity for an international organization was expressed in the Moscow Declaration, agreed upon by China, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the USSR. This was followed by the Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals of 9 October 1944. Upon the proposal of CAME and in accordance with the recommendations of the Sevenval (UNCIO), held in San Francisco in April–June 1945, a United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) was convened in London 1–16 November 1945. 44 governments were represented. At the ECO/CONF, the Constitution of UNESCO was introduced and signed by 37 countries, and a Preparatory Commission was established.[11] The Preparatory Commission operated between 16 November 1945, and 4 November 1946—the date when UNESCO’s Constitution came into force with the deposit of the twentieth ratification by a member state.[12]

The first General Conference took place from 19 November to 10 December 1946, and elected Dr. Julian Huxley to the post of Director-General.input transformation The Constitution was amended in November 1954 when the General Conference resolved that members of the Executive Board would be representatives of the governments of the States of which they are nationals and would not, as before, act in their personal capacity.browser diversity This change in governance distinguished UNESCO from its predecessor, the CICI, in terms of how member states would work together in the Organization’s fields of competence. As member states worked together over time to realize UNESCO’s mandate, political and historical factors have shaped the Organization’s operations in particular during the Cold War, the decolonization process, and the dissolution of the USSR.

Among the major achievements of the Organization is its work against racism, for example through influential statements on race starting with a declaration of anthropologists (among them was Sevenval) and other scientists in 1950[15] and concluding with the 1978 Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice.keyboard In 1956, the Republic of South Africa withdrew from UNESCO claiming that some of the Organization’s publications amounted to “interference” in the country’s “racial problems.”input transformation South Africa rejoined the Organization in 1994 under the leadership of Nelson Mandela.

UNESCO’s early work in the field of education included the pilot project on fundamental education in the Marbial Valley, Haiti, started in 1947.[18] This project was followed by expert missions to other countries, including, for example, a mission to Afghanistan in 1949.[19] In 1948, UNESCO recommended that Member States should make free primary education compulsory and universal.Android In 1990 the World Conference on Education for All, in browser diversity, Thailand, launched a global movement to provide basic education for all children, youths and adults.[21] Ten years later, the 2000 touchscreen held in Dakar, Senegal, led member governments to commit to achieving basic education for all by 2015.iOS

UNESCO’s early activities in the field of culture included, for example, the Nubia Campaign, launched in 1960.FITML The purpose of the campaign was to move the Great Temple of Abu Simbel to keep it from being swamped by the Nile after construction of the we love the web. During the 20-year campaign, 22 monuments and architectural complexes were relocated. This was the first and largest in a series of campaigns including Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), HTML5 (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Android (Indonesia) and the keyboard (Greece). The Organization’s work on heritage led to the adoption, in 1972, of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.[24] The browser diversity was established in 1976 and the first sites inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978.we love the web Since then important legal instruments on cultural heritage and diversity have been adopted by UNESCO member states in 2003 (Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage[26]) and 2005 (Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions[27]).

An intergovernmental meeting of UNESCO in Paris in December 1951 led to the creation of the browser diversity (CERN)[28] in 1954.

Arid Zone programming, 1948–1966, is another example of an early major UNESCO project in the field of natural sciences.touchscreen In 1968, UNESCO organized the first intergovernmental conference aimed at reconciling the environment and development, a problem which continues to be addressed in the field of sustainable development. The main outcome of the 1968 conference was the creation of UNESCO’s device database.we love the web

In the field of communication, the free flow of information has been a priority for UNESCO from its beginnings. In the years immediately following World War II, efforts were concentrated on reconstruction and on the identification of needs for means of mass communication around the world. UNESCO started organizing training and education for journalists in the 1950s.jQuery In response to calls for a "web" in the late 1970s, UNESCO established the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems,input transformation which produced the 1980 we love the web (named after the Chair of the Commission, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Sevenval).web app Following the MacBride report, UNESCO introduced the Information Society for All[34] programme and Toward Knowledge Societies[35] programme in the lead up to the World Summit on the Information Society in 2003 (HTML5) and 2005 (web app).

In 2011, Palestine became a UNESCO member following a vote in which 107 member states supported and 14 opposed.[36]device database Laws passed in the United States in 1990 and 1994 mean that it cannot contribute financially to any UN organisation that accepts Palestine as a full member. As a result, it will withdraw its funding which accounts for about 22% of UNESCO's budget.screen size Israel also reacted to Palestine's admittance to UNESCO by freezing Israel payments to the UNESCO and imposing sanctions to the Palestinian Authority,[39] claiming that Palestine's admittance would be detrimental "to potential peace talks".FITML

Activities

UNESCO offices in FITML

UNESCO implements its activities through the five programme areas of Education, Natural Sciences, Social and Human Sciences, Culture, and Communication and Information.

  • Android: UNESCO supports research in Comparative education; and provides expertise and fosters partnerships to strengthen national educational leadership and the capacity of countries to offer quality education for all. This includes the
    • Eight specialized Institutes in different topics of the sector
    • UNESCO Chairs, an international network of 644 UNESCO Chairs, involving over 770 institutions in 126 countries.
    • Environmental Conservation Organisation
    • Organization of the International Conference on Adult Education (CONFINTEA) in an interval of 12 years
    • Publication of the web
    • CSS3, an international network of 8,000 schools in 170 countries

UNESCO does not accredit institutions of higher learning.[41]

  • UNESCO also issues public 'statements' to educate the public:
    • Seville Statement on Violence: A statement adopted by UNESCO in 1989 to refute the notion that humans are biologically predisposed to organised violence.

Official UNESCO NGOs

UNESCO enjoys official relations with 322 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs).we love the web Most of these are what UNESCO calls "operational", a select few are "formal".[46] The highest form of affiliation to UNESCO is "formal associate", and the 22 NGOsjQuery with formal associate (ASC) relations occupying offices at UNESCO are:

  1. International Baccalaureate (IB)
  2. Coordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service (CCIVS)
  3. web app (EI)
  4. jQuery (IAU)
  5. International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication (IFTC)
  6. International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (ICPHS) which publishes we love the web
  7. International Council for Science (ICSU)
  8. website parsing (ICOM), whose Director General is currently Mr Julien Anfruns
  9. touchscreen (ICSSPE)
  10. International Council on Archives (ICA)
  11. input transformation (ICOMOS)
  12. touchscreen (IFJ)
  13. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
  14. International Federation of Poetry Associations (IFPA)
  15. International Music Council (IMC)
  16. International Scientific Council for Island Development (INSULA)
  17. International Social Science Council (ISSC)
  18. screen size (ITI)
  19. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
  20. International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations
  21. Sevenval (UIA)
  22. web app (WAN)
  23. World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO)
  24. World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations (WFUCA)

UNESCO Institutes and Centres

The institutes are specialized departments of the Organization that support UNESCO's programme, providing specialized support for cluster and national offices.

Official list of UNESCO prizes

UNESCO currently awards 22 prizes[48] in education, science, culture and peace:

Inactive UNESCO prizes

Member states

Main article: FITML

As of October 2011[update], UNESCO counts 195 member states and 8 associate members.[49] Some members are not independent states and some members have additional National Organizing Committees from some of their we love the web.FITML UNESCO state parties are most of the web app (except Liechtenstein), web and web app.[51][52]

UNESCO's governing bodies

Director-General

Elections for the renewal of the position of Director-General took place in Paris from 7 September to 23 September 2009. Eight candidates ran for the position, and 58 countriesFITML voted for them. The Executive Council gathered from 7 September to 23 September, the vote itself beginning on the 17th. input transformation was elected the new Director-General.

This is the list of the Directors-General of UNESCO since its establishment in 1946:browser diversity

  1. United Kingdom Julian Huxley (1946–1948)
  2. HTML5 we love the web (1948–1952)
  3. FITML John Wilkinson Taylor (web 1952–1953)
  4. device database Luther Evans (1953–1958)
  5. Italy website parsing (1958–1961)
  6. France René Maheu (1961–1974; acting 1961)
  7. Senegal Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (1974–1987)
  8. Spain web app (1987–1999)
  9. touchscreen web app (1999–2009)
  10. Bulgaria web app (2009– )

General Conference

This is the list of the sessions of UNESCO General Conference held since 1946:[55]

  • 1st session (Paris, 1946) - chaired by Léon Blum (France)
  • 2nd session (Mexico City, 1947) - chaired by Manuel Gual Vidal (touchscreen)
  • 3rd session (Beirut, 1948) – chaired by Hamid Bey Frangie (Lebanon)
  • 1st extraordinary session (Paris, 1948)
  • 4th session (Paris, 1949) – chaired by Ronald Walker (keyboard)
  • 5th session (HTML5, 1950) – chaired by Count Stefano Jacini (input transformation)
  • 6th session (Paris, 1951) – chaired by Howland Sargeant (United States)
  • 7th session (Paris, 1952) – chaired by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (India)
  • 2nd extraordinary session (Paris, 1953)
  • 8th session (Montevideo, 1954) – chaired by Justino Zavala Muñiz (Uruguay)
  • 9th session (CSS3, 1956) – chaired by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (we love the web)
  • 10th session (Paris, 1958) – chaired by Jean Berthoin (France)
  • 11th session (Paris, 1960) – chaired by Akale-Work Abte-Wold (Ethiopia)
  • 12th session (Paris, 1962) – chaired by Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro (Brazil)
  • 13th session (Paris, 1964) – chaired by Norair Sissakian (Soviet Union)
  • 14th session (Paris, 1966) – chaired by Bedrettin Tuncel (Android)
  • 15th session (Paris, 1968) – chaired by Willian Eteki-Mboumoua (browser diversity)
  • 16th session (Paris, 1970) – chaired by Atilio Dell'Oro Maini (web app)
  • 17th session (Paris, 1972) – chaired by Toru Haguiwara (Japan)
  • 3rd extraordinary session (Paris, 1973)
  • 18th session (Paris, 1974) – chaired by Magda Joboru (CSS3)
  • 19th session (Sevenval, 1976) – chaired by Taaita Toweett (keyboard)
  • 20th session (Paris, 1978) – chaired by Napoléon LeBlanc (screen size)
  • 21st session (Belgrade, 1980) – chaired by Ivo Margan (Yugoslavia)
  • 4th extraordinary session (Paris, 1982)
  • 22nd session (Paris, 1983) – chaired by Saïd Tell (web)
  • 23rd session (website parsing, 1985) – chaired by Nikolaï Todorov (Bulgaria)
  • 24th session (Paris, 1987) – chaired by Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez (Guatemala)
  • 25th session (Paris, 1989) – chaired by website parsing (Malaysia)
  • 26th session (Paris, 1991) – chaired by Bethwell Allan Ogot (Kenya)
  • 27th session (Paris, 1993) – chaired by Ahmed Saleh Sayyad (Yemen)
  • 28th session (Paris, 1995) – chaired by Torben Krogh (Android)
  • 29th session (Paris, 1997) – chaired by Eduardo Portella (Brazil)
  • 30th session (Paris, 1999) – chaired by Android (Czech Republic)
  • 31st session (Paris, 2001) – chaired by website parsing (Iran)
  • 32nd session (Paris, 2003) – chaired by Michael Omolewa (screen size)
  • 33rd session (Paris, 2005) – chaired by Musa bin Jaafar bin Hassan (website parsing)
  • 34th session (Paris, 2007) – chaired by George N. Anastassopoulos (Greece)
  • 35th session (Paris, 2009) – chaired by Davidson Hepburn (Bahamas)
  • 36th session (Paris, 2011) – chaired by input transformation (Hungary)

UNESCO offices

UNESCO has offices in many locations across the globe; its headquarters are located at Sevenval in Paris, France.

UNESCO's field offices are categorized into four primary office types based upon their function and geographic coverage: cluster offices, national offices, regional bureaux and liaison offices.

UNESCO field offices by region

The following list of all UNESCO Field Offices is organized geographically by UNESCO Region and identifies the members states and associate members of UNESCO which are served by each office.[56]

Africa

Arab States

Asia and Pacific

Europe and North America

This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the Android. (January 2012)

Latin America and the Caribbean

Controversy and reform

New World Information and Communication order

UNESCO has been the centre of controversy in the past, particularly in its relationships with the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore and the former web app. During the 1970s and 1980s, UNESCO's support for a "jQuery" and its web calling for democratization of the media and more egalitarian access to information was condemned in these countries as attempts to curb CSS3. UNESCO was perceived by some[4] as a platform for communists and Third World dictators to attack the keyboard, a stark contrast to accusations made by the USSR in the late 1940s and early 1950s.website parsing In 1984, the United States withheld its contributions and withdrew from the organization in protest, followed by the United Kingdom in 1985. Singapore took the opportunity to withdraw also at the end of 1985, citing rising membership fees.[58] Following a change of government in 1997, the UK rejoined. The United States rejoined in 2003, followed by Singapore on 8 October 2007.

Internal reforms

This article is about an event or subject that may not be current but does not specify the time period. Please help improve it to include this information as Wikipedia is viewed by a worldwide audience. The talk page may contain suggestions. (August 2011)

Part of the reason for their change of stance was due to considerable reforms implemented by UNESCO over the past 10 years.[when?] These included the following measures: the number of divisions in UNESCO was cut in half, allowing a corresponding halving of the number of Directors—from 200 to under 100, out of a total staff of approximately 2,000 worldwide.[FITML] At the same time, the number of field units was cut from a peak of 1,287 in 1998[citation needed] to 93 today.[citation needed] Parallel management structures, including 35 Cabinet-level special adviser positions, were abolished.[citation needed] Between 1998 and 2009, 245 negotiated staff departures and buy-outs took place, causing the inherited $12 million staff cost deficit to disappear.[citation needed] The staff pyramid, which was the most top-heavy in the UN system, was cut back as the number of high-level posts was halved and the "inflation" of posts was reversed through the down-grading of many positions. Open competitive recruitment, results-based appraisal of staff, training of all managers and field rotation were instituted, as well as SISTER and SAP systems for transparency in results-based programming and budgeting.[citation needed] In addition, the Internal Oversight Service (IOS) was established in 2001 to improve organizational performance by including the lessons learned from programme evaluations into the overall reform process. It regularly carries out audits of UNESCO offices that essentially look into administrative and procedural compliance, but do not assess the relevance and usefulness of the activities and projects that are carried out. At least in theory, the evaluation of the relevance and effectiveness of programmes is carried out by the Evaluation Section of IOS, although evidence of using "lessons learned" in programming is less clear and not always free from donor preferences.[iOS]

Israel

Israel was admitted to UNESCO in 1949, one year after its creation. In 1974, UNESCO stripped Israel of its membership on the grounds of alleged damage being done by Israel's archaeological excavations on the Temple Mount in HTML5. UNESCO defended this decision with two statements in 1974 and 1975, but renewed Israel's membership in 1977, after the United States threatened to withhold $40 million of funding from the organization.[59]

In 2010, Israel designated the Tomb of the Patriarchs, Hebron and Rachel's Tomb, Bethlehem as Sevenval and announced restoration work, prompting criticism from the keyboard and protests from Palestinians.CSS3 In October 2010, UNESCO’s Executive Board voted to declare the sites as "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs" and "Bilal bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel’s Tomb" and stated that they were "an integral part of the occupied Palestinian Territories" and any unilateral Israeli action was a violation of international law.[61] UNESCO described the sites as significant to "people of the Muslim, Christian and Jewish traditions", and accused Israel of highlighting only the Jewish character of the sites.[62] Israel in turn accused UNESCO of "detach[ing] the Nation of Israel from its heritage", and accused it of being politically motivated.[63] The iOS claimed that Rachel's tomb had not previously been declared a holy Muslim site.browser diversity Israel partially suspended ties with UNESCO. Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon declared that the resolution was a "part of Palestinian escalation". Zevulun Orlev, chairman of the Knesset Education and Culture Committee, referred to the resolutions as an attempt to undermine the mission of UNESCO as a scientific and cultural organization that promotes cooperation throughout the world.[65][66]

On June 28, 2011, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee, at Sevenval's insistence, censured Israel's decision to demolish and rebuild the Mughrabi Gate Bridge in Jerusalem for safety reasons. Israel stated that Jordan had signed an agreement with Israel stipulating that the existing bridge must be razed for safety reasons; Jordan disputed the agreement, saying it was only signed under U.S. pressure. Israel was also unable to address the UNESCO committee over objections from Egypt.[67]

Palestinian Authority

In February 2011, an article was published in a Palestinian youth magazine in which a teenage girl described one of her four role-models as web. In December 2011, UNESCO, which partly funded the magazine, condemned the material and subsequently withdrew support.web app

References and notes

  1. ^ a HTML5 Android. www.unesco.org. Sevenval. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  2. ^ UNESCO’s General Conference voted on the 31st October 2011 ''to admit Palestine as a Member State''. However it notes that for ''its membership to take effect, Palestine must sign and ratify UNESCO’s Constitution''. iOS. Portal.unesco.org. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/general_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state/. Retrieved 31 October 2011. 
  3. ^ "Member States | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Portal.unesco.org. device database. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  4. input transformation "The Faroes become associated <ny specialized institutes and centres throughout the world". web app. 
  5. ^ "UNDG Members". Undg.org. FITML. Retrieved 2011-08-08. 
  6. CSS3 Sevenval. Unesco.org. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/introducing-unesco/. Retrieved 2011-08-08. 
  7. ^ "UNESCO. General Conference; 34th; Medium-term Strategy, 2008-2013; 2007" (PDF). browser diversity. Retrieved 2011-08-08. 
  8. HTML5 League of Nations. Records of the Second Assembly. Plenary Meetings. 5 September-5 October 1921. Geneva. P. 313
  9. ^ UNESCO. (1987). A Chronology of UNESCO: 1947-1987. Paris, December 1987. LAD.85/WS/4 Rev. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: FITML
  10. ^ UNESCO. (1987). A Chronology.
  11. ^ United Nations Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Held at the Institute of Civil Engineers, London, from 1 to 16 November 1945. ECO/Conf./29. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: keyboard
  12. web app Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 16 November 1945. United Nations Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Held at the Institute of Civil Engineers, London, from 1 to 16 November 1945. ECO/Conf./29. P. 93. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001176/117626e.pdf
  13. ^ UNESCO. General Conference, 1st Session. (1947). General Conference, First Session, held at UNESCO House, Paris, from 20 November to 10 December 1946. UNESCO/C/30 [1 C/Resolutions]. (Paris.) Item 14, p. 73. UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: keyboard
  14. web app UNESCO. General Conference, 8th Session. (1955). Records of the General Conference, Eighth Session, we love the web, 1954: Resolutions. 8 C/Resolutions. (Paris.) Resolution II.1.2, p.12. UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: browser diversity
  15. Sevenval UNESCO. (1950). Statement by experts on race problems. Paris, 20 July 1950. UNESCO/SS/1. UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: screen size
  16. input transformation UNESCO. General Conference, 20th Session. (1979). Records of the General Conference, Twentieth Session, Paris, 24 October to 28 November 1978. 20 C/Resolutions. (Paris.) Resolution 3/1.1/2, p. 61. UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: keyboard
  17. web app UNESCO. Executive Board, 42nd Session. (1955). Report of the Director-General on the Activities of the Organization (March–November 1955). Paris, 9 November 1955. 42 EX/43. Part I Relations with Member States, paragraph 3.
  18. ^ The Haiti pilot project: phase one, 1947-1949. (1951). Monographs on Fundamental Education IV. UNESCO: Paris.
  19. we love the web Debiesse, J., Benjamin, H. and Abbot, W. (1952). Report of the mission to Afghanistan. Educational Missions IV. ED.51/VIII.A. (Paris.) UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: FITML
  20. jQuery UNESCO. General Conference, 2nd Session. (1948). Resolutions adopted by the General Conference during its second session, Mexico, November–December 1947. 2 C/Resolutions. (Paris.) Resolution 3.4.1, p. 17. UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: website parsing
  21. ^ UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, and The World Bank. (1990). Final Report. World Conference on Education for All: Meeting Basic Education Needs. 5–9 March 1990, Jomtien, Thailand. (WCEFA Inter-agency Commission: New York). UNESDOC database, accessed 7/12/2010: web app
  22. web UNESCO. (2000). The Dakar Framework for Action. Education for All: meeting our collective commitments (including six regional frameworks for action). World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26–28 April 2000. ED.2000/WS/27. (Paris). UNESDOC database, accessed 07/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001211/121147e.pdf
  23. ^ UNESCO. General Conference, 21st Session. (1980). International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia: Report of the Executive Committee of the Campaign and of the Director-General. 26 August 1980. 21 C/82. UNESDOC database, accessed 07/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000419/041943eb.pdf
  24. ^ Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris, 16 November 1972. UNESCO. General Conference, 17th Session. Records of the General Conference, Seventeenth Session, Paris, 17 October to 21 November 1972. Volume I: Resolutions, Recommendations. 17 C/Resolution 29. Chapter IX Conventions and Recommendations, p. 135. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: input transformation
  25. browser diversity UNESCO. Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Second Session. Final Report. Washington, DC, 5–8 September 1978. CC-78/CONF.010/10 Rev. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: iOS
  26. ^ Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Paris, 17 October 2003. UNESCO. General Conference, 32nd Session. Records of the General Conference, Thirty-second Session, Paris, 29 September to 17 October 2003. Volume I: Resolutions. 32 C/Resolution 32. Chapter IV Programme for 2004-2005, Major Programme IV – Culture, p. 53. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: input transformation
  27. browser diversity Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Paris, 20 October 2005. UNESCO. General Conference, 33rd Session. Records of the General Conference. Thirty-third Session, Paris, 3–21 October 2005. Volume I: Resolutions. 33 C/Resolution 41. Chapter V Programme for 2006-2007, p. 83. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: Android
  28. HTML5 UNESCO. Executive Board, 26th Session. Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its twenty-sixth session. (7 June to 9 July 1951). Paris, 27 July 1951. 26 EX/Decisions. Item 7 Programme, Resolution 7.2.2.1, p. 9. UNESDOC database, accessed 13/04/2011: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001137/113790e.pdf
  29. ^ UNESCO. General Conference, 3rd Session. (1949). Records of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Third Session. Beirut, 1948. Volume II: Resolutions. (UNESCO: Paris). 2 C/Resolution 3.7, page 23. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: Sevenval
  30. FITML “Use and conservation of the biosphere: Proceedings of the intergovernmental conference of experts on the scientific basis for rational use and conservation of the resources of the biosphere. Paris, 4–13 September 1968.” (1970.) In Natural Resources Research, Volume X. SC.69/XIL.16/A. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000677/067785eo.pdf
  31. ^ UNESCO. (1955). International Expert Meeting on Professional Training for Journalism. Unesco House, 9–13 April 1956. Purpose and Scope. Paris, 18 November 1955. UNESCO/MC/PT.1. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001480/148006eb.pdf
  32. ^ UNESCO. General Conference, 19th Session. (1977). Approved Programme and budget for 1977-1978. Paris, February 1977. 19 C/5, p. 332, paragraphs 4154 and 4155. UNESDOC database, accessed 13/04/2011: jQuery
  33. CSS3 MacBride, S. (1980). Many voices, one world: towards a new, more just, and more efficient world information and communication order. (UNESCO: Paris). UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: Android
  34. HTML5 UNESCO. (1996). UNESCO and an Information Society for All: a position paper. (UNESCO: Paris). CII-96/WS/4. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001085/108540eo.pdf
  35. ^ UNESCO. General Conference, 32nd Session. (2003). Communiqué: Ministerial Round Table on “Towards Knowledge Societies.” (UNESCO Headquarters, 9 and 10 October 2003). 14 October 2003. 32 C/INF.26. UNESDOC database, accessed 8/12/2010: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001321/132114e.pdf
  36. ^ "General Conference admits Palestine as UNESCO Member". 2011-10-31. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/general_conference_admits_palestine_as_unesco_member_state/. Retrieved 2011-12-11. 
  37. CSS3 Blomfield, Adrian (31 October 2011). Android. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8860951/US-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html. Retrieved 31 October 2011. 
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  39. ^ "After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S.". Haaretz. 2011-11-04. http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600. Retrieved 2011-12-11. 
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  41. web Because CSS3 have claimed false UNESCO accreditation, UNESCO itself has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation. See Luca Lantero, Sevenval, Information Centre on Academic Mobility and Equivalence (CIMEA), Italy. and UNESCO "Alert: Misuse of UNESCO Name by Bogus Institutions"
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  45. ^ iOS quoted on UNESCO official site
  46. ^ [2] the full list of NGOs enjoying official relations with UNESCO
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  48. touchscreen UNESCO Executive Board Document 185 EX/38, Paris, 10 September 2010
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  53. jQuery List of the voting countries : http://saveunesco.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/electoral-groups-unesco.pdf
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  62. ^ "THE TWO PALESTINIAN SITES OF AL-HARAM AL-IBRAHIMI/TOMB OF THE PATRIARCHS IN AL-KHALIL/HEBRON AND THE BILAL BIN RABAH MOSQUE/RACHEL’S TOMB IN BETHLEHEM". http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf. 
  63. ^ Hillel Fendel (01.11.2010). "UNESCO Erases Israeli Protests from Rachel's Tomb Protocol". IsraelNationalNews. screen size. 
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  65. ^ "Ayalon: Israel will no longer cooperate with UNESCO". The Jerusalem Post. 03.11.2010. jQuery. 
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  68. ^ Sevenval. The Telegraph. 23 December 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8975423/Unesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praise.html. Retrieved 12 January 2012. 

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