Rugby football

A screen size during a FITML game between the Crusaders and Brumbies.

Rugby football is a style of CSS3 named after input transformation in the United Kingdom. It is seen most prominently in two current sports, rugby league and rugby union. See comparison of rugby league and rugby union.

• 1 History
  • website parsing
• 2 Status of rugby codes in various countries
• web
• 4 Culture
  • 4.1 The Home Countries
  • 4.2 The Rest of the World
• touchscreen
• screen size
• CSS3
• jQuery
• 9 External links

History

This unreferenced section requires Sevenval to ensure verifiability.

keyboard

The field at keyboard where, according to legend, the game was invented.

Rugby football developed from a version of football played at Rugby School and was originally one of several versions of football played at device database during the 19th century.

The game of football that was played at Rugby School between 1750 and 1859 permitted handling of the ball, but players were not allowed to run with it in their hands towards the opposition's goal.^[keyboard] With no limit to the number of players per side, hundreds would participate in an enormous rolling maul, sometimes resulting in major injuries. The innovation of running with the ball was introduced between 1859 and 1865. The popular myth of the sport's origin states that Rugby pupil input transformation broke the local rules by running forward with the ball in his hands in 1823. Rugby School produced the first written rules for their version of the sport in 1845.

In the result that the teams were still tied at the end of the match, a drop goal shootout was held. The selected kickers of the two teams would have one shot at the goal each and would take turns shooting at the goal until one of the kickers missed.^{[citation needed]}

Consolidated timeline for rugby union and rugby league

This list (which may have dates, numbers, etc.) may be better in a sortable table format. Please help screen size or discuss it on the we love the web. (November 2011)

Date	Event
1400–1800	Many different types of football are played throughout Britain.
1830	Running with the ball became common in 1830s at Rugby School and Rugby School football became popular throughout the UK in the 1850s and 1860s.
1863	The Football Association (FA) is formed, formalising the schism between the Football Association and Rugby Football.
1861	keyboard is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay. The first club to play rugby outside the British Islands.
1864	The first rugby clubs are formed, followed by hundreds more in Cumberland, Lancashire and Yorkshire in the 1870s and 1880s.
1871	The Rugby Football Union is founded, following a meeting of 21 clubs at the Pall Mall restaurant.
1871	First recognised international rugby match, played between England and Scotland.
1876	Matthew Bloxam’s letter is published in "The Meteor". It claims William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School, picked up the ball and invented rugby. A Rugby Union inquiry in 1895 found no proof, although it decided to perpetuate the myth.
1877	The number of players is reduced from 20 to 15 a side.
1883	First Home Nations Championship between England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
1886	Concerned at the growing dominance of the largely working-class northern clubs, the Rugby Football Union introduces strict amateur rules.
1888	New Zealand Native football team tours Britain, Australia and New Zealand in 1888 and 1889.
1890	Modern points scoring is uniformly accepted by the Home Nations for the 1890/91 season.
1892	Charges of professionalism are laid against rugby football clubs in Bradford and Leeds, after they compensated players for missing work. This was despite the fact that the English Rugby Football Union (RFU) was allowing other players to be paid, such as the 1888 British Isles team that toured Australia, and the account of Harry Hamill of his payments to represent New South Wales (NSW) against England in 1904.
1893	Yorkshire clubs propose allowing players to be paid six shillings ‘broken-time’payments when they miss work due to matches. RFU votes down proposal. Widespread suspensions of northern clubs and players begin.
1895	A schism in rugby football results in the formation of the Northern Rugby Football Union (NRFU). Many factors played a part in the split, including the success of working class northern teams, a decree by the RFU banning the playing of rugby at grounds where entrance fees were charged, threat of expulsion from the RFU if clubs cannot prove their amateurism, and the banning of "broken time payments" to players who had taken time off work to play rugby. Twenty-two clubs met at the George Hotel, Huddersfield and formed the "Northern Rugby Football Union". Within fifteen years of that first meeting in Huddersfield, more than 200 RFU clubs had left to join the Northern Union.
1897	To make the game more exciting, the Northern Union abolishes the line-out and reduces value of all goals to two points. Line outs were replaced with punting the ball back into play from the touch-line. Tries worth three points.
1897	The Challenge Cup is established and proves a success from the start. Batley became the first winners, beating Saint Helens 10–3.
1898	Professionalism is introduced in the Northern Union. The professionalism is strictly part-time, with players obliged to have other "proper" jobs.
1900	Rugby Union features at the 1900 Olympics. It finishes in the 1924 Olympics.
1901	The experiment in Rugby League with the punt-out ends after only four years. In future, play will be re-started with a scrum after the ball goes out of play.
1904	First Rugby League international match. England lose to Other Nationalities 3–9, at Wigan.
1905	Wales narrowly beat the first touring New Zealand Rugby Union team, dubbed "The Game of the Century".
1906	England play South Africa (known as the Springboks) in Rugby Union for the first time. James Peters is withdrawn from the England squad after the South Africans objected to playing against a black player.
1906	James Peters becomes the first black person to play for England Rugby Union, against Scotland.
1906	In Rugby League the number of players is reduced from fifteen to thirteen a side, in order to allow more room for creative play. The early form of play-the-ball is introduced as the game’s way of re-starting play after a tackle.
1907	Rugby League spreads to Australia and New Zealand. The New South Wales Rugby Football League is founded at Bateman's Hotel in Sydney. The New South Wales Rugby League sets up an eight team competition after a row with the Australian Rugby Union over compensation for injured players. The first Premiership is won by South Sydney. Rugby League goes on to displace Rugby Union as the primary football code in New South Wales and Queensland.
1907	New Zealand Rugby League team tours Britain. Albert Henry Baskerville, a Post Office clerk in New Zealand, organises a touring side branded the ‘All Golds’ in their homeland due to their open professionalism. They play under Rugby Union rules in Sydney on their way to Britain and persuade Australia’s greatest player Dally Messenger to join them on tour. They win the game’s first Test series 2–1, but Baskerville dies of pneumonia on the way home at the age of 25.
1908	First Australian Kangaroo tourists visit Britain. Hunslet become the first club to win all four trophies available to them—the Championship, the Challenge Cup, the Yorkshire Cup and the Yorkshire League. Hunslet were led by Albert Goldthorpe, a dominant figure in the early years of the code.
1910	The Rugby Union Home Nations Championship becomes the Five Nations Championship when France joins.
1910	First Northern Union British Lions tour Australia and New Zealand, winning their Tests in Sydney and Brisbane.
1912	South African Rugby Union tour of the British Isles and France. The tourists achieved a "Grand Slam" of victories over all five major European teams, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France.
1914	British tourists defeat Australia 14–6 to win Ashes in final test, finishing with only ten men in what becomes known as ‘Rorke’s Drift’ Test match.
1922	Northern Union changes its name to the Rugby Football League, the name used for the sport in Australia
1925	All Blacks Rugby Union tour of Britain, France, and Canada. The New Zealanders remained undefeated throughout the tour, earning the title "The Invincibles".
1929	First Rugby League Challenge Cup Final is played at Wembley. Wigan defeat Dewsbury 13–2 in front of 41,500.
1930	Rugby Union’s European Cup starts, outside the Five Nations. It is interrupted by WWII.
1930	Unprecedented fourth Rugby League test match played between Britain and Australia at Rochdale after third test is drawn 0-0. Britain win the test 3-0 to take the Ashes.
1932	First Rugby League match under floodlights.
1933	On New Year’s Eve, England and Australia play in Paris—the first game of Rugby League in France. The French had been excluded from the Rugby Union Five Nations amid allegations of professionalism, so the country was receptive to the new game.
1934	Rugby League is established in France by Jean Galia, former Rugby Union international and champion boxer. By 1939, the French league has 225 clubs.
1941	The French Vichy government bans Rugby League, because of its links with the Allies and a desire to ban all professional sports. The code’s funds and property are all confiscated or passed to Rugby Union clubs. Rugby Union is allowed to carry on unscathed and regains much of the ground it had lost to Rugby League. To this day, the Rugby League clubs' assets have never been returned to them.
1943	A Northern Command army Rugby League side defeats a Northern Command Rugby Union side 18–11 at Headingley playing Rugby Union rules. The following year a Combined Services Rugby League side beats a Combined Services Rugby Union side 15–10. These are the only League v Union matches played until 1996.
1944	With the fall of the Vichy Government, the French ban on Rugby League is lifted.
1945	Brian Bevan makes his Rugby League debut for Warrington. Over the next 16 seasons he scored 740 tries for the club in 620 games. His career total was 796, more than 200 ahead of his nearest rival.
1946	Lance Todd trophy first presented to Challenge Cup final man of the match. Wakefield’s Billy Stott is first winner. Lance Todd, killed in a car accident in 1942, was a 1907 NZ tourist who managed Salford from 1928–40.
1946	The most famous Rugby League tour of all, as the Lions sail to Australia on HMS Indomitable, stoking the boilers to keep fit. After a five day train journey across Australia, Gus Risman’s team retain the Ashes, drawing one and winning two Tests.
1949	French Rugby League is banned from using ‘rugby’ in its name. Changes its name to Jeu à Treize (Game of Thirteen).
1951	South American Rugby Union Championship commences.
1951	South African Rugby Union tour of the British Isles and France. South Africa achieved a second five-nation Grand Slam.
1951	Just a decade after being wound up, France win their first Rugby League series in Australia. They repeat the feat by winning again in 1955.
1951	Rugby League’s Cec Thompson becomes the first black player to represent Great Britain in any sport.
1952	Rugby Union’s European Cup restarts.
1954	102,569 spectators watch the 1953–54 Rugby League Challenge Cup final at Bradford, setting a new record for attendance at a rugby football match of either code.
1954	First Rugby League World Cup, the first for either code of rugby, staged in France. Great Britain beat France 16-12 in final at Parc des Princes, Paris.
1956	Springboks Rugby Union tour of New Zealand. South Africa suffer their first ever test series loss against New Zealand.
1957	Australia wins the Rugby League World Cup.
1958	Rugby League’s Cec Thompson becomes the first black manager of any sport in Britain.
1958	Great Britain defeat Australia 25-18 in the second Rugby League test match with only eight fit players on the pitch. Alan Prescott plays for 77 minutes with a broken arm.
1960	Great Britain wins the Rugby League World Cup. The tournament is decided on a league system.
1964	Substitutes allowed in Rugby League for the first time, but only for players injured before half-time.
1966	The Rugby League International Board introduces a rule that a team in possession is allowed three play-the-balls and on the fourth tackle a scrum is to be formed. The Southern hemisphere adopts the rule the following year, but it becomes six-tackle rugby in 1972, and in 1983 the scrum was replaced by a handover.
1967	Professional Rugby League adopts Sunday as its main match day, in a bid to reverse declining attendances.
1968	Substitutes allowed in Rugby Union for the first time, but only for injured players.
1969	Springbok Rugby Union tour to Britain and Ireland. The tour is marked by protests against apartheid; South Africa would not tour Europe again until after the end of apartheid.
1969	Rugby League finally gains recognition as a sport in British universities and colleges.
1970	Great Britain wins Rugby League’s Ashes in Australia, after winning the final two test matches.
1970	Rugby League’s World Cup attracts poor crowds in England. Australia win.
1971	New Zealand wins a Rugby League series in Britain for the first time.
1971	Lions Rugby Union tour of Australia and New Zealand. The Lions are the only team to have ever won a test series in New Zealand.
1971	Springbok Rugby Union tour of Australia is marked by protests.
1972	Timekeepers and sirens are introduced into Rugby League for first time.
1972	Great Britain regains the Rugby League World Cup in France.
1973	Rugby Union’s Barbarians defeat the All Blacks at Cardiff Arms Park.
1973	The British Amateur Rugby League Association sets itself up to run the sport at grassroots level after complaining of neglect by the RFL. Formal re-unification takes 30 years.
1974	Rugby Union’s Lions tour of South Africa. The notorious '99' call.
1975	Wales and England field separate teams in the Rugby League World Cup, played over several months in both hemispheres. Australia takes the trophy by finishing one point ahead of England in the final league table.
1976	New Zealand Rugby Union tour of South Africa. Twenty-eight nations boycott the 1976 Summer Olympics in protest against the International Olympic Committee's refusal to ban New Zealand from the games for defying the IOC's ban on sporting contact with South Africa.
1978	New Zealand Rugby Union tour of Britain and Ireland - New Zealand completes Grand Slam of victories over England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales for the first time.
1980	Australia establishes Rugby League’s State of Origin format, where Queensland and New South Wales born players face each other. From 1982 onwards, it is played as a three match series and is recognised as the fiercest, toughest rugby in the world.
1981	The ‘Sin Bin’ is introduced into Rugby League, in Australia.
1981	Springbok Rugby Union tour of New Zealand.
1981	South Africa is banned by the International Rugby Board from international Rugby Union competition until such time as apartheid ended.
1982	Rugby Union’s Pacific Tri-Nations between Tonga, Fiji and Samoa.
1982	Australian Rugby League tourists win all tour games for first time and become known as 'The Invincibles'.
1983	Rugby League try is increased to four points. The character of the game changes further with the introduction of the turn-over possession on the sixth tackle, drastically reducing the number of scrums. The Sin Bin is introduced for offences that do not merit a sending off.
1983	The Rugby League international transfer ban is lifted.
1984	Australia Rugby Union tour of Britain and Ireland—Australia completes the Grand Slam of victories over England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales for the first time.
1987	New Zealand Rugby Union defeats France 29–9 in the first Rugby Union World Cup, held in New Zealand and Australia.
1987	A "free gangway" between the two codes of rugby at amateur level is introduced, but individual cases of discrimination continues.
1987	The RFU introduces the Courage Leagues into Rugby Union—a league pyramid with roughly 1000 clubs playing in 108 leagues each with promotion and relegation.
1988	Rugby League’s Wigan start their run of eight Challenge Cup final victories. The modern version of the Team of All the Talents, featuring players like Ellery Hanley, Andy Gregory , Jason Robinson and Shaun Edwards dominate for a decade, winning three World Cup titles in the process.
1989	Widnes beat Canberra 30–18 in first official Rugby League World Club Championship.
1990	Russia takes up Rugby League. Russia goes on to appear in the 2000 World Cup and to enter club sides in the Challenge Cup.
1990	Blood-bin introduced into Rugby League.
1990	The ban on French Rugby League using ‘rugby’ in its name is lifted. It changes its name back to Rugby à Treize.
1991	Australia defeat England 12–6 at Twickenham, London, in the second Rugby Union World Cup, held in the British Isles and France.
1992	The Springboks are readmitted to international Rugby Union.
1992	73,631 at Wembley see Australia defeat Great Britain 10–6 in the Rugby League World Cup final.
1994	David Hinchcliffe MP introduces the Sports (Discrimination) Bill, to ban discrimination of amateur players of Rugby League and other sports.
1994	The three British Armed Services recognises Rugby League as a sport. Rugby League would be on the same footing as other sports in the Services.
1995	The International Rugby Board declares Rugby Union an 'open' professional game. It removes all restrictions on payments or benefits to those connected with the game.
1995	South Africa defeats New Zealand 15–12 (after extra time) at Ellis Park, Johannesburg in the third Rugby Union World Cup, held in South Africa.
1995	Rugby League centenary is celebrated by reviving the World Cup in Britain. Australia beat England 16–8 in the final at Wembley. Fiji, Tonga, South Africa and Western Samoa join the established nations in a successful tournament, whilst Ireland, Scotland, the USA, Russia, the Cook Islands, Moldova and Morocco all compete in an Emerging Nations World Cup.
1995	The Heineken Cup is formed as a competition for 12 Rugby Union European clubs.
1995	As part of the struggle for television rights in Australia, the RFL in Britain is offered £87 million by News Corporation to set up Rugby League’s Super League. The game agrees to switch to a summer season, with Paris St Germain joining leading British clubs in a 14 team competition.
1996	The RFL introduces video referees into Rugby League’s Super League.
1996	The Rugby Union’s Tri Nations Series begins between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
1996	Bath Rugby and Wigan RLFC, England's top union and league sides respectively, made history by playing against each other at both codes of rugby. The first match was at Maine Road, Manchester under League rules, Wigan beating Bath 82–6; then two weeks later the return match was held at Twickenham under Union rules, Bath 44 beating Wigan 19.
1998	In Australia, the Super League war came to an end, with News International and the Australian Rugby League agreeing to merge their competitions to create the National Rugby League
1998	Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games and Asian Games commences.
1999	IRB Sevens World Series commences.
1999	Australia defeat France 35–12 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff in the fourth Rugby Union World Cup, held in Wales with matches also being played in England, Scotland, Ireland and France.
2000	The IRB introduces the ‘Sin Bin’ into international Rugby Union, after being trialled on the domestic stage within the southern hemisphere's Super 12 competition.
2000	The IRB introduces the "Television Match Official" (TMO) into international Rugby Union, after being trialled on the domestic stage within the southern hemisphere's Super 12 competition.
2000	Rugby Union’s Courage League is replaced by the Zurich Premiership.
2000	The Rugby Union’s Five Nations becomes the Six Nations Championship, when Italy joins.
2000	New Zealand narrowly defeats Australia at Stadium Australia in Rugby Union, in front of a world-record crowd of 109,874.
2001	Lions Rugby Union tour of Australia. The Wallabies defeat the Lions in a series for the first time ever.
2003	Rugby Union’s Churchill Cup commences with Canada, the USA, and England Saxons (England "A") as permanent participants and one invited team (later three).
2003	England defeat Australia 20–17 (after extra time) at Stadium Australia, Sydney in the fifth Rugby Union World Cup, held in Australia.
2003	The Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) is created to promote the sport across Europe.
2006	French team Catalans Dragons are granted a Rugby League Super League licence.
2007	South Africa defeat England 15–6 at Stade de France, in the sixth Rugby Union World Cup, held in France with matches also being played in Scotland and Wales.
2008	Rugby League holds its first World Cup since the disastrous 2000 tournament.
2011	New Zealand defeat France 8–7 at Eden Park, Auckland, in the seventh Rugby Union World Cup, held in New Zealand.
2011	14 teams qualify for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup: Australia, England, New Zealand, Samoa, Wales, Fiji, France, Papua New Guinea, Ireland, Scotland, Tonga, Cook Islands, Italy and United States of America.

Status of rugby codes in various countries

Rugby union is both a professional and amateur game, and is dominated by the first tier unions: browser diversity, Australia, England, web app, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, input transformation, jQuery and screen size. Second and third tier unions include Brazil, Canada, Chile, Sevenval, Fiji, Georgia, Japan, Mexico, we love the web, web, HTML5, web, HTML5, Spain, Sevenval, website parsing, Uruguay and Venezuela. Rugby Union is administered by the International Rugby Board (IRB), whose headquarters are located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the national sport in New Zealand, South Africa, Wales, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and touchscreen, and is the most popular form of rugby globally,^{device database} with the seven-a-side version of the game, known as Android, having been admitted into the programme of the Olympic Games from Rio de Janeiro in 2016 onwards.^CSS3 There is also a possibility that Rugby Sevens will also be a demonstration sport at the 2012 London Olympics.

In Canada and the United States, rugby union evolved into gridiron football. During the late 1800s (and even the early 1900s), the two forms of the game were very similar (to the point where the United States was able to win the gold medal for touchscreen), numerous rule changes have differentiated the gridiron-based game from its rugby counterpart. Among unique features of the North American game are the separation of play into downs instead of releasing the ball immediately upon tackling, the allowance for one forward pass from behind the site of the last tackle on each down, the evolution of hard plastic equipment (particularly the football helmet and input transformation), a smaller and pointier ball that is favorable to being passed but makes iOS impractical, a generally smaller and narrower field measured in customary units instead of metric (in touchscreen a field can be as short as 50 yards between end zones), and a distinctive field (shaped like a gridiron, from which the code's nickname is derived) with lines marked in five-yard intervals.

Rugby league is also both a professional and amateur game, administered on a global level by the Rugby League International Federation. In addition to amateur and semi-professional competitions in the United States, Sevenval, touchscreen, browser diversity, Europe and Australasia, there are two major professional competitions—the Australasian keyboard and the European Super League. International Rugby League is dominated by Australia, England and New Zealand. Other nations from the South Pacific and Europe also play in the Pacific Cup and European Cup respectively.

Rules

Distinctive features common to both rugby codes include the oval ball and the ban on throwing the ball forward, so that players can gain ground only by running with the ball or by kicking it. As the sport of rugby league moved further away from its union counterpart, rule changes were implemented with the aim of making a faster-paced and more try-orientated game.

The main differences between the two games, besides league having teams of 13 players and union of 15, involve the Sevenval and its aftermath:

• Union players contest possession following the tackle: depending on the situation, either a browser diversity or a maul can occur. League players may not contest possession after making a tackle: play is continued with a screen size.
• In league, if the team in possession fails to score before a set of six tackles, it surrenders possession. Union has no six-tackle rule; a team can keep the ball for an unlimited number of tackles before scoring as long as it maintains possession and does not commit an offence.

Set pieces of the union code include the "keyboard", in which packs of opposing players push against each other for possession, and the "website parsing", in which parallel lines of players from each team, arranged perpendicular to the touch-line, attempt to catch the ball thrown from touchscreen. A rule has been added to line-outs which allows the jumper to be pulled down once a players's feet are on the ground.

In the league code, the scrum still exists, but with greatly reduced importance as it involves fewer players and is rarely contested. Set pieces are generally started from the play-the-ball situation. Many of the input transformation have similar names and requirements to rugby union positions, but there are no Sevenval in rugby league.

Culture

The Home Countries

In England, rugby union is widely regarded as an "establishment" sport, played mostly by members of the upper and web app. For example, many students at private schools and grammar schools play rugby union.^[3] In contrast, rugby league has traditionally been seen as a working class pursuit. An exception to this stereotype is evident in the neighboring countries of England and Wales. In England rugby union is associated with the web. In Wales, rugby is associated with small village teams which consisted of coal miners and other industrial workers playing on their days off.^[4] In Ireland, and in particular jQuery, rugby union is also associated with private education and the "D4" stereotype, and this image of the spoilt, ignorant, wealthy rugby-playing jock inspired the best-selling Ross O'Carroll Kelly novels.

In Australia support for both codes is concentrated in New South Wales, Queensland and the CSS3 (see iOS). The same perceived class barrier as exists between the two games in England also occurs in these states, fostered by rugby union's prominence and support at schools.^{web app}

Exceptions to the above include New Zealand (although league is still considered to be a lower class game by many, or a game for 'westies' referring to lower class western suburbs of Auckland and more recently the poorer southern Auckland where the game is popular), Wales, France except Paris, Cornwall, Gloucestershire, CSS3, input transformation, jQuery in Ireland (see jQuery), and the screen size, where rugby union is popular in working class communities. Nevertheless, HTML5 is perceived as the game of the working class people in northern England,^[6] and in the Australian states of Sevenval and website parsing.^[5]

In the United Kingdom, rugby union fans sometimes use the term "rugger" as an alternative name for the sport, (see Oxford '-er').^{website parsing} New Zealanders refer to rugby in general as "footy" or "football", rugby union simply as either "rugby" or "union" and to rugby league as "rugby league" or "league".^{browser diversity} In the U.S., people who play rugby are sometimes called "ruggers", a term little used elsewhere except facetiously.

Those considered to be heavily involved with the rugby union lifestyle—including heavy drinking and striped jumpers—sometimes identify as “rugger buggers”.^{[device database]}

The Rest of the World

In France, rugby is widely played and has a strong tradition in the Basque people along the border regions between Spain and France. It rivals the popularity of Association Football. The game is very popular in South Africa among both blacks and whites, having been introduced by English-speaking settlers in the 19th century. British colonists also brought the game with them to Australia and New Zealand, where the game is widely played. It has spread thence to much of Polynesia, having particularly strong followings in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.

Rugby ball

A Gilbert rugby football as used in screen size

In rugby union, the International Rugby Board the size and shape of the ball under Law 2(also known as Law E.R.B); an official rugby union ball is oval and made of four panels, has a length in-line of 280–300 millimetres, a circumference (end to end) of 740–770 millimetres, and a circumference (in width) of 580–620 millimetres. It is made of leather or suitable synthetic material, and may be treated to make it water resistant and easier to grip. The rugby ball may not weigh more than 460 grams or less than 410 and has an air pressure of 65.71–68.75 website parsing, or 0.67–0.70 kilograms per square centimetre, or 9.5–10.0 lbs per square inch.^Sevenval Spare balls are allowed under the condition that players or teams do not seek an advantage by changing the ball. Smaller sized balls may also be used in games between younger players. Much larger versions of traditional balls are also available for purchase, but these are mainly for their novelty attraction.

Rugby shirt

Rugby shirts were formerly made of cotton but are now made of a cotton and CSS3 mix. This material has the advantage of not absorbing as much water or mud as cotton alone.

The rugby jerseys are slightly different depending on the type of rugby game played. The shirts worn by rugby league players commonly have a large "V" around the neck and they also tend to be more colourful than the rugby union jerseys.^[10] The players in the rugby union wear jerseys with a more traditional design, sometimes completely white (iOS in France). However, most of the players in rugby union wear one color jerseys with a different color stripes.The number of the player and his or her surname are placed on the upper back of the jersey (often name above number, with the number being significantly larger and more central), and the logo of the team on the upper left chest.

See also

• FITML
• Medieval football
• Rugby sevens
• Tag Rugby

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rugby football

• we love the web—slideshow by Sevenval magazine
• device database