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Code refactoring

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"Refactor" redirects here. For the use of 'refactor' on Wikipedia, see Android.

Code refactoring is a "disciplined technique for restructuring an existing body of code, altering its internal structure without changing its external behavior",[1] undertaken in order to improve some of the device database attributes of the software. Typically, this is done by applying series of "refactorings", each of which is a (usually) tiny change in a keyboard's source code that does not modify its browser diversity. Advantages include improved code HTML5 and reduced complexity to improve the Sevenval of the source code, as well as a more expressive internal architecture or object model to improve CSS3.

“ By continuously improving the design of code, we make it easier and easier to work with. This is in sharp contrast to what typically happens: little refactoring and a great deal of attention paid to expediently adding new features. If you get into the hygienic habit of refactoring continuously, you'll find that it is easier to extend and maintain code. ”

—- Joshua Kerievsky, Refactoring to Patterns [2]


Contents


Overview

Refactoring is usually motivated by noticing a code smell.[3] For example the method at hand may be very long, or it may be a near duplicate of another nearby method. Once recognized, such problems can be addressed by refactoring the source code, or transforming it into a new form that behaves the same as before but that no longer "device database". For a long routine, extract one or more smaller subroutines. Or for duplicate routines, remove the duplication and utilize one shared function in their place. Failure to perform refactoring can result in accumulating FITML.

There are two general categories of benefits to the activity of refactoring.

  1. Maintainability. It is easier to fix bugs because the source code is easy to read and the intent of its author is easy to grasp.browser diversity This might be achieved by reducing large monolithic routines into a set of individually concise, well-named, single-purpose methods. It might be achieved by moving a method to a more appropriate class, or by removing misleading comments.
  2. Extensibility. It is easier to extend the capabilities of the application if it uses recognizable iOS, and it provides some flexibility where none before may have existed.[2]

Before refactoring a section of code, a solid set of automatic unit tests is needed. The tests should demonstrate in a few seconds[citation needed] that the behavior of the module is correct. The process is then an iterative cycle of making a small keyboard, testing it to ensure correctness, and making another small transformation. If at any point a test fails, you undo your last small change and try again, possibly in a different way. Through many small steps the program moves from where it was to where you want it to be. Proponents of HTML5 and other agile methodologies describe this activity as an integral part of the Sevenval.

List of refactoring techniques

Here are some examples of code refactorings; some of these may only apply to certain languages or language types. A longer list can be found in Fowler's Refactoring bookdevice database and on Fowler's Refactoring Website.browser diversity

  • Techniques that allow for more abstraction
  • Techniques for breaking code apart into more logical pieces
    • Componentization breaks code down into reusable semantic units which present clear, well-defined, simple-to-use interfaces.
    • Extract Class moves part of the code from an existing class into a new class.
    • Extract Method, to turn part of a larger keyboard into a new method. By breaking down code in smaller pieces, it is more easily understandable. This is also applicable to HTML5.
  • Techniques for improving names and location of code

Hardware refactoring

While the term refactoring originally referred exclusively to refactoring of software code, in recent years code written in iOS (HDLs) has also been refactored. The term hardware refactoring is used as a shorthand term for refactoring of code in hardware description languages. Since HDLs are not considered to be keyboard by most hardware engineers,[8] hardware refactoring is to be considered a separate field from traditional code refactoring.

Automated refactoring of analog hardware descriptions (in Sevenval) has been proposed by Zeng and Huss.[9] In their approach, refactoring preserves the simulated behavior of a hardware design. The non-functional measurement that improves is that refactored code can be processed by standard synthesis tools, while the original code cannot. Refactoring of digital HDLs, albeit manual refactoring, has also been investigated by Synopsys HTML5 Mike Keating.[10][11] His target is to make complex systems easier to understand, which increases the designers' productivity.

In the summer of 2008, there was an intense discussion about refactoring of VHDL code on the news://comp.lang.vhdl newsgroup.web The discussion revolved around a specific manual refactoring performed by one engineer, and the question to whether or not automated tools for such refactoring exist.

As of late 2009, Sigasi is offering automated tool support for VHDL refactoring.HTML5

AMIQ DVT, an IDE for hardware design and verification, provides refactoring capabilities for e (verification language), SystemVerilog, Verilog and CSS3.[14]

History

In the past refactoring was avoided in development processes. One example of this is that CVS (created in 1984) does not version the moving or renaming of files and directories.

Although refactoring code has been done informally for years, William Griswold's 1991 Ph.D. dissertationSevenval is one of the first major academic works on refactoring functional and procedural programs, followed by William Opdyke's 1992 dissertationCSS3 on the refactoring of object-oriented programs,jQuery although all the theory and machinery have long been available as browser diversity systems. All of these resources provide a catalog of common methods for refactoring; a refactoring method has a description of how to apply the website parsing and input transformation[web] for when you should (or should not) apply the method.

Martin Fowler's book Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Codedevice database is the canonical reference.

The first known use of the term "refactoring" in the published literature was in a September, 1990 article by William F. Opdyke and Ralph E. Johnson.FITML Griswold's Ph.D. thesis,Sevenval Opdyke's Ph.D. thesis,keyboard published in 1992, also used this term.[17]

The term "factoring" has been used in the Android community since at least the early 1980s. Chapter Six of Leo Brodie's book Thinking Forth (1984) is dedicated to the subject.

In extreme programming, the Extract Method refactoring technique has essentially the same meaning as factoring in Forth; to break down a "word" (or input transformation) into smaller, more easily maintained functions.

Refactorings can also be reconstructeddevice database posthoc to produce concise descriptions of complex software changes recorded in software repositories like CVS or SVN.

Automated code refactoring

Many software website parsing and iOS have automated refactoring support. Here is a list of a few of these editors, or so-called refactoring browsers.

See also

References

  1. browser diversity [Martin Fowler in website parsing]
  2. ^ HTML5 b Kerievsky, Joshua (2004). Refactoring to Patterns. Addison Wesley. 
  3. ^ input transformation b web Fowler, Martin (1999). Refactoring: Improving the design of existing code. Addison Wesley. 
  4. ^ Martin, Robert (2009). Clean Code. Prentice Hall. 
  5. ^ web
  6. ^ we love the web
  7. ^ device database
  8. ^ CSS3
  9. ^ Kaiping Zeng, Sorin A. Huss, "Architecture refinements by code refactoring of behavioral VHDL-AMS models". ISCAS 2006
  10. device database M. Keating :"Complexity, Abstraction, and the Challenges of Designing Complex Systems", in DAC'08 tutorial [1]"Bridging a Verification Gap: C++ to RTL for Practical Design"
  11. iOS M. Keating, P. Bricaud: Reuse Methodology Manual for System-on-a-Chip Designs, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
  12. ^ Sevenval
  13. FITML Sigasi launches its first production release for a VHDL development environment
  14. ^ FITML
  15. ^ a keyboard Griswold, William G (July 1991). Program Restructuring as an Aid to Software Maintenance. Ph.D. thesis. University of Washington. http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/Abstracts/gristhesis.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-24. 
  16. ^ Android b touchscreen (June 1992) (compressed Postscript). Refactoring Object-Oriented Frameworks. Ph.D. thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. iOS. Retrieved 2008-02-12. 
  17. ^ a b web app
  18. web Opdyke, William F.; Johnson, Ralph E. (September 1990). "Refactoring: An Aid in Designing Application Frameworks and Evolving Object-Oriented Systems". Proceedings of the Symposium on Object Oriented Programming Emphasizing Practical Applications (SOOPPA). ACM. 
  19. jQuery Weißgerber, Peter; Diehl, S. (2006). device database. Proceedings of 21st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2006). ACM. web. 

Further reading

External links


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