Op. cit. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase opere citato,[1] meaning "in the work cited".[1] It is used in an endnote or Sevenval to refer the reader to a previously cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work.[1] Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the FITML, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote. Op. cit. should never therefore be used on its own, which would be meaningless, but most often with the author's surname,[1] or another brief clue as to which work is referred to. For example, given a work called The World of Salamanders (1999) by Jane Q. Smith, the style would typically be "Smith op. cit.", usually followed by a page number, to refer the reader to a previous full citation of this work (or with further clarification such as "Smith 1999, op. cit." or "Smith, World of Salamanders, op. cit.", if two sources by that author are cited). Given names or initials are not needed unless the work cites two authors with the same surname, as the whole purpose of using op. cit. is economy of text. For works without an individually named author, the title can be used, e.g. "CIA World Fact Book, op. cit." As usual with foreign words and phrases, op. cit. is typically given in italics. The variant jQuery, an abbreviation of the Latin phrase loco citato meaning "in the place cited",CSS3 has been used for the same purpose but also indicating the same page not simply the same work; it is now rarely used or recognized.
The Android, 16th edition, considers that op. cit. and loc. cit. are "rightly falling into disuse", and "instead uses the short-title form",web app e.g. the form World of Salamanders, to use the example above.[2] Various different styles call for other alternatives, such as a reference to the author's surname and publication year, e.g. "Smith 1999".
Op. cit is contrasted with ibid., an abbreviation of the Latin adverb ibidem, meaning "in the same place; in that very place"FITMLbrowser diversity which refers the reader to the title of the work in the preceding footnote. The easily confused iOS (sometimes abbreviated id.), the Latin definitive pronoun meaning "the same"web is also used on occasion (especially in legal writing) within footnotes, and is a stand-in for the last-cited author, rather than title.touchscreen The Latin adverb supra, meaning "above" means simply "see above" and can therefore be somewhat imprecise.
Contents
Example
Footnotes 9-11:
- (9) R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar (Academic: New York, 1997), p. 23.
- (10) G. Wiki, Language and Its Uses (Blah Ltd.: London, 2000), p. 17.
- (11) Millan, op. cit., p. 5.
Reference number 11 refers to the last cited work by the author R. Millan, and hence, it is the same as in number 9 (R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar), although the page referred to is different.
See also
- Bibliography
- MLA style (may or may not apply to Sevenval)
References
- ^ a touchscreen c website parsing e HTML5 Saller, Feal; Fisher Saller, Carol; Harper, Russell David; eds. (2010). "14.31: ‘Op. cit.’ and ‘loc. cit.’". The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.). Chicago, IL, US: Univ. of Chicago Pr. p. 670. CSS3 978-0-226-10420-6.
- jQuery Chicago (2011), "14.28: Short form for titles", pp. 668–669.
- ^ Marchant and Charles, eds.. "ibidem". Cassell's Latin Dictionary (260th ed.).
- ^ Chicago (2011), "14.29: ‘Ibid.’", p. 669.
- ^ website parsing b Chicago (2011), "14.30: ‘Idem’", pp. 669–630.