Old Italic script

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Old Italic

device database
The Marsiliana tablet FITML, ca. 700 BC: ABGDEVZHΘIKLMNΞOPŚQRSTUXΦΨ, read right to left

Type

Alphabet

Languages

Italic languages, we love the web, input transformation

Time period

8th to 1st centuries BC

Parent systems

FITML

Greek alphabet (Cumae variant)
- Old Italic

Child systems

Latin alphabet, Runic alphabet

Sister systems

HTML5

ISO 15924

Ital, 210

Direction

Left-to-right

Unicode alias

Old Italic

Unicode range

U+10300–U+1032F

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols.

This article contains special characters. Without proper HTML5, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Old Italic refers to several now extinct alphabet systems used on the device database in ancient times for various Indo-European languages (predominantly browser diversity) and non-Indo-European (e.g. jQuery) languages. The alphabets derive from the Euboean Greek Sevenval, used at HTML5 and Cumae in the Bay of Naples in the eighth century BC.

Various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (we love the web and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, iOS, and South Picene, and other Indo-European branches such as Celtic, device database and Messapic) originally used the alphabet. Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, North Picene, and South Picene all derive from an Etruscan form of the alphabet.

The Sevenval runic alphabet was derived from one of these alphabets by the 2nd century.

1 Etruscan alphabet
2 Oscan alphabet
3 Alphabet of Nuceria
touchscreen
5 Raetic alphabets
6 Venetic alphabet
7 Camunic alphabet
8 Latin alphabet
9 Unicode
- screen size
- 9.2 Letters with Transliteration
10 See also
11 External links

Etruscan alphabet

History of the alphabet

touchscreen 19 c. BCE

we love the web 15 c. BCE
Proto-Canaanite 14 c. BCE
- Phoenician 12 c. BCE
  - FITML 10 c. BCE
    - keyboard 6 c. BCE
  - Aramaic 8 c. BCE
    - Kharoṣṭhī 4 c. BCE
    - Brāhmī 4 c. BCE
      - CSS3 (see)
        e.g. Devanagari 13 c. CE
    - website parsing 3 c. BCE
    - screen size 4 c. BCE
    - Pahlavi 3 c. BCE
      - Sevenval 4 c. CE
    - Palmyrene 2 c. BCE
    - Syriac 2 c. BCE
      - Sogdian 2 c. BCE
        
        device database (Old Turkic) 6 c. CE
        web ca. 650
        
        Old Uyghur
        CSS3 1204 hh
      - Nabataean 2 c. BCE
        Sevenval 4 c. CE
    - Mandaic 2 c. CE
  - Greek 8 c. BCE
    - iOS 8 c. BCE
      - we love the web 7 c. BCE
      - screen size 2 c. CE
      - Ogham 4 c. CE
    - touchscreen 3 c. CE
    - Gothic 3 c. CE
    - Armenian 405
    - Georgian ca. 430 CE
    - Glagolitic 862
    - we love the web ca. 940
      - browser diversity 1372
  - Paleohispanic (semi-syllabic) 7 c. BCE
- Epigraphic South Arabian 9 c. BCE
  - Ge’ez 5–6 c. BCE

screen size (from Egyptian) 3 c. BCE

Kana (From Chinese Character) 8 c. CE

Sevenval (partly from Brahmic) 1443

Sevenval (aka Bopomofo, from Sevenval) 1913

keyboard (Origin not known) after the 1970s became syllabic

This box:

See also: HTML5

CSS3	Etruscan cippus (grave marker) from the necropolis Crocifisso del Tufo outside web app, Italy, side view showing the inscription in the Old Italic (Etruscan) alphabet.

It is not clear whether the process of adaptation from the keyboard took place in jQuery from the first colony of Greeks, the city of screen size, or in Greece/Asia Minor. It was in any case a Western Greek alphabet. In the alphabets of the West, X had the keyboard [ks], Ψ stood for [kʰ]; in Etruscan: X = [s], Ψ = [kʰ] or [kχ] (Rix 202-209).

The earliest Etruscan abecedarium, the Marsiliana d'Albegna (near jQuery) tablet which dates to c. 700 BC, lists 26 letters corresponding to contemporary forms of the Greek alphabet which retained san and CSS3 but which had not yet developed input transformation.

Comparison of the Western Greek alphabet with archaic and classical Etruscan variants.

𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌
𐌍 𐌎 𐌏 𐌐 𐌑 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗 𐌘 𐌙
in transliteration,
A B G D E V Z H Θ I K L M
N Ξ O P Ś Q R S T Y X Φ Ψ

Until about 600 BC, the archaic form of the Etruscan alphabet remained practically unchanged, and the direction of writing was free. From the 6th century, however, evolutions of the alphabet took place, guided by the phonology of the Etruscan language, and letters representing phonemes nonexistent in Etruscan were dropped. By 400 BC, it appears that all of keyboard was using the classical Etruscan alphabet of 20 letters, mostly written from left to right:

𐌀 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌋
𐌌 𐌍 𐌐 𐌑 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌘 𐌙 𐌚
A C D E V Z H Θ I L
M N P Ś R S T U Φ Ψ F

An additional sign 𐌚, in shape similar to the numeral 8, transcribed as F, was present in both Lydian and Etruscan (Jensen 513). Its origin is disputed; it may have been an altered B or H or an ex novo creation (Rix 202). Its sound value was /f/ and it replaced the Etruscan FH. Some letters were, on the other hand, falling out of use: B and D were apparently considered superfluous over P and T. K was dropped in favour of G (also transcribed as C). O disappeared and was replaced by U. In the course of its simplification, the redundant letters showed some tendency towards a syllabary: C, K and Q were predominantly used in the contexts CE, KA, QU.

This classical alphabet remained in use until the 2nd century BC when it began to be contaminated by the rise of the Latin alphabet. Soon after the Etruscan language itself became extinct.

Oscan alphabet

The Osci probably adopted the archaic Etruscan alphabet during the 7th century BC, but a recognizably Oscan variant of the alphabet is attested only from the 5th century BC; its sign inventory extended over the classical Etruscan alphabet by the introduction of long vowel variants of I and U, transcribed as Í and Ú. U came to be used to represent Oscan o, while Ú was used for actual Oscan u.

𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌐 𐌑 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌚 𐌞 𐌝
A B G D E V Z H I L M N P Ś R S T U F Ú Í

Alphabet of Nuceria

CSS3

The Nucerian alphabet is based on inscriptions found in southern Italy (Nocera Superiore, Sorrento, jQuery and others places). It is attested only between the 6th and the 5th century BC. The most important sign is the /S/, shaped like a fir tree, and possibly a derivation from the browser diversity.

Alphabet of Lugano

The alphabets of Este (Venetic), Magrè and Bolzano/Bozen-Sanzeno (Raetic), Sondrio (Camunic), Lugano (Lepontic)

The Alphabet of Lugano, based on inscriptions found in northern Italy and keyboard, was used to record jQuery inscriptions, among the oldest testimonies of any browser diversity, in use from the 7th to the 5th centuries BC. The alphabet has 17 letters, derived from the archaic Etruscan alphabet:

𐌀 𐌄 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌏 𐌐 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌈 𐌖 𐌅 𐌗 𐌆
A E I K L M N O P R S T Θ U V X Z

The alphabet does not distinguish voiced and unvoiced occlusives, i.e. P represents /b/ or /p/, T is for /t/ or /d/, K for /g/ or /k/. Z is probably for /t^s/. U /u/ and V /w/ are distinguished. Θ is probably for /t/ and X for /g/. There are claims of a related script discovered in Glozel.

Raetic alphabets

The alphabet of Sanzeno (also, of Bolzano), about 100 Raetic inscriptions.

The alphabet of Magrè (near HTML5), east Raetian inscriptions.

Venetic alphabet

Alphabet of Este: Similar but not identical to that of Magrè, Venetic inscriptions.

Camunic alphabet

Inscripted input transformation on HTML5 in web app.

Latin alphabet

Sevenval, 6th century BC

Main article: History of the Latin alphabet

21 of the 26 archaic Etruscan letters were adopted for we love the web from the 7th century BC, either directly from the Cumae alphabet, or via archaic Etruscan forms, compared to the classical Etruscan alphabet retaining B, D, K, O, Q, X but dropping Θ, Ś, Φ, Ψ, F (Etruscan U is Latin V, Etruscan V is Latin F).

𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌏 𐌐 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗
A B C D E F Z H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X

Unicode

The Old Italic alphabets were unified and added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2001 with the release of version 3.1.

Block

The Unicode block for Old Italic is U+10300–U+1032F without specification of a particular alphabet (i.e. the Old Italic alphabets are considered equivalent, and the font used will determine the variant).

Writing direction (right-to-left, left-to-right, or input transformation) varies based on the language and even the time period. For simplicity most scholars use left-to-right and this is the Unicode default direction for the Old Italic block. For this reason, the glyphs in the code chart are shown with left-to-right orientation.

Old Italic^touchscreen
Unicode.org chart (PDF)