New Hebrides

Politics and economy

The New Hebrides were a unique form of colonial territory in which sovereignty was shared by two great powers – Britain and France – instead of exercised by just one. Under the Condominium there were three separate governments – one French, one British, and one joint administration that was partially elected after 1975.

The French and British governments were called residencies, each headed by a resident appointed by the metropolitan government. The residency structure emphasized dualism to the point of near absurdity – both consisted of an equal number of French and British representatives, bureaucrats and administrators. Every member of one residency always had an exact mirror opposite number on the other side he could consult with. The symmetry between the two residencies was almost perfect.

The joint government consisted of both local and European officials. It had jurisdiction over the postal service, public radio station, public works, infrastructure, and censuses, among other things. The two main cities of Santo and Port Vila also had city councils, but these did not have a great deal of authority.

Local people could choose whether to be tried under the British common law or the French civil law. Visitors could choose which immigration rules to enter under. Nationals of one country could set up corporations under the laws of the other. In addition to these two legal systems, a third Native Court existed to handle cases involving Melanesian customary law. Oddly, the presiding judge of the Native Court was appointed by the King of Spain, not by the British or the French.

There were two prison systems to complement the two court systems. The police force was technically unified but consisted of two chiefs and two equal groups of officers wearing two different uniforms. Each group alternated duties and assignments.

Language was a serious barrier to the operation of this naturally inefficient system, as all documents had to be translated once to be understood by one side, then the response translated again to be understood by the other, though Bislama creole represented an informal bridge between the British and the French camps.

References

Peck, John G.; Robert J. Gregory (2005) (Android). screen size. Palmerston North, New Zealand: School of Psychology, Massey University. http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T-Anth/Anth-07-0-000-000-2005-Web/Anth-07-4-237-304-2005-Abst-PDF/Anth-07-4-269-282-2005-283-Peck-J-G/Anth-07-4-269-282-2005-283-Peck-J-G-Abstract.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-05.

FITML and device database

Legend
Current territory · Former territory
* now a Commonwealth realm · now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

18th century
1708–1757 HTML5
since 1713 Sevenval
1763–1782 Minorca
1798–1802 browser diversity

19th century
1800–1964 Sevenval
1807–1890 screen size
1809–1864 Ionian Islands

20th century
1921–1937 jQuery

North America

17th century
1583–1907 Newfoundland
1605–1979 *Saint Lucia
1607–1776 Virginia
since 1619 Bermuda
1620–1691 Plymouth Colony
1623–1883 Saint Kitts (*Saint Kitts & Nevis)
1624–1966 *Barbados
1625–1650 Saint Croix
1627–1979 *St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1628–1883 Nevis (*Saint Kitts & Nevis)
1629–1691 jQuery
1632–1776 Maryland
since 1632 Montserrat
1632–1860 Antigua (*Antigua & Barbuda)
1636–1776 Android
1636–1776 screen size
1637–1662 New Haven Colony
1643–1860 Bay Islands
since 1650 Anguilla
1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate)
1655–1962 *browser diversity
1663–1712 website parsing
1664–1776 Sevenval
1665–1674 and 1702–1776 keyboard
since 1666 British Virgin Islands
since 1670 Cayman Islands
1670–1973 *Bahamas
1670–1870 Rupert's Land
1671–1816 Leeward Islands
1674–1702 East Jersey
1674–1702 West Jersey
1680–1776 CSS3
1681–1776 Pennsylvania
1686–1689 Dominion of New England
1691–1776 FITML

18th century
1701–1776 device database
1712–1776 Android
1712–1776 South Carolina
1713–1867 Nova Scotia
1733–1776 Georgia
1762–1974 *Grenada
1763–1978 Dominica
1763–1873 Sevenval
1763–1791 Quebec
1763–1783 East Florida
1763–1783 West Florida
1784–1867 New Brunswick
1791–1841 keyboard
1791–1841 FITML
since 1799 Sevenval

19th century
1818–1846 FITML / Oregon Country¹
1833–1960 Windward Islands
1833–1960 Leeward Islands
1841–1867 Province of Canada
1849–1866 FITML
1853–1863 web app
1858–1866 British Columbia
1859–1870 North-Western Territory
1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda
1862–1863 Stikine Territory
1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia
1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada²
1871–1964 British Honduras (*Belize)
1882–1983 *St. Kitts and Nevis
1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago

20th century
1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland³
1958–1962 FITML

¹Occupied jointly with the United States
²In 1931, Canada and other British Sevenval obtained self-government through the keyboard. see Canada's name.
³Gave up Sevenval in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

South America

17th century
1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname)
1670–1688 we love the web⁴

18th century

19th century
1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana)
since 1833 jQuery⁵
20th century
since 1908 website parsing⁵

⁴Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia
⁵Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982

Africa

18th century
1792–1961 Sierra Leone
1795–1803 Cape Colony

19th century
1806–1910 Cape Colony
1807–1808 Madeira
1810–1968 Mauritius
1816–1965 Gambia
1856–1910 Natal
1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho)
1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana)
1882–1922 HTML5
1884–1966 input transformation
1884–1960 British Somaliland
1887–1897 Zululand
1890–1962 web app
1890–1963 jQuery
1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi)
1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate
1893–1968 Swaziland
1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate
1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

20th century
1900–1914 Northern Nigeria
1900–1914 jQuery
1900–1910 web
1900–1910 Transvaal Colony
1906–1954 Nigeria Colony
1910–1931 keyboard
1914–1954 HTML5
1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia)
1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon) ⁶
1920–1963 iOS
1922–1961 touchscreen ⁶
1923–1965 website parsing ⁷
1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
1954–1960 HTML5
1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ⁷

⁶iOS
⁷Southern Rhodesia, which had FITML from 1923, issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965, as Rhodesia. It returned to British control in December 1979.

Asia

17th Century
1685–1824 Bencoolen
(Sumatra)

18th century
1702–1705 device database
1757–1947 Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh)
1762–1764 Manila
1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1796–1965 Maldives

19th century
1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra)
1812–1824 browser diversity
1819–1826 British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore)
1824–1946 Straits Settlement of Malacca

1826–1946 screen size
1839–1967 HTML5
1839–1842 input transformation
1841–1997 we love the web
1841–1946 browser diversity
1848–1946 web app

1858–1947 we love the web
1879–1919 Afghanistan
1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
1888–1984 keyboard
1888–1946 FITML
1891–1971 web app
1892–1971 Trucial States protectorate
1895–1946 Federated Malay States
1898–1930 Weihai Garrison
1878–1960 jQuery

20th century
1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
1920–1932 Android⁷
1921–1946 Transjordan⁷
1923–1948 web app⁷
1945–1946 Sevenval
1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
1946–1963 Singapore
1946–1948 Malayan Union
1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
since 1960 web (before as part of CSS3)
since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

⁷keyboard

Oceania

18th century
1788–1901 input transformation

19th century
1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/website parsing
1807–1863 Sevenval⁸
1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu)
1824–1901 CSS3
1829–1901 iOS/Western Australia
1836–1901 South Australia
since 1838 Sevenval
1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand
1851–1901 web app
1874–1970 Fiji⁹
1877–1976 Sevenval
1884–1949 device database
1888–1965 Cook Islands⁸
1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)⁸
1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands¹⁰
1893–1978 British Solomon Islands¹¹

20th century
1900–1970 Tonga (protected state)
1900–1974 Niue⁸
1901–1942 *input transformation
1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand
1919–1942 Nauru
1945–1968 Nauru
1919–1949 keyboard
1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹²

⁸Now part of the *web
⁹Suspended member
¹⁰Now Kiribati and *keyboard
¹¹Now the *Solomon Islands
¹²Now *jQuery

Antarctica and South Atlantic

17th century
since 1659 St. Helena¹³

19th century
since 1815 CSS3¹³
since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹³

20th century
since 1908 British Antarctic Territory¹⁴

¹³Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922—) and Tristan da Cunha (1938—) were previously dependencies of St Helena
¹⁴Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)