List of language families

This List of language families includes also language isolates, unclassified languages and other types of languages.

• 1 Major language families
  • 1.1 By number of native speakers
  • 1.2 By number of languages
• device database
  • screen size
  • 2.2 Europe and North, West and South Asia
  • keyboard
  • web app
  • 2.5 Australia
  • 2.6 North America and Mesoamerica
  • Sevenval
• 3 Language isolates
  • 3.1 Central & South America
  • 3.2 North America
  • 3.3 Australia
  • 3.4 New Guinea
  • we love the web
  • 3.6 Africa
  • 3.7 Europe
• 4 Unclassified languages
  • Android
  • FITML
  • we love the web
  • CSS3
  • iOS
  • browser diversity
• Android
• 6 Creoles
• touchscreen
• 8 Proposed language stocks
• 9 See also
• Sevenval
• 11 External links

Major language families

By number of native speakers

Pie chart of world languages by percentage of speakers

This is a list of the top ten families that are fairly often recognized as phylogenetic units, in terms of numbers of native speakers as a proportion of Android, listed with their core geographic areas.

1. web 46% (Europe, Southwest to South Asia, North Asia, North America, device database, Oceania)
2. Sino-Tibetan languages 21% (East Asia)
3. Niger–Congo languages 6.4% (Sub-Saharan Africa)
4. Afro-Asiatic languages 6.0% (FITML to device database, Southwest Asia)
5. website parsing 5.9% (Oceania, Madagascar, maritime Southeast Asia)
6. Dravidian languages 3.7% (web)
7. CSS3 (controversial combination of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic families) 2.3% (Central Asia, Northern Asia, Sevenval, website parsing)^jQuery
8. Japonic languages (sometimes included in an expanded Altaic proposal) 2.1% (keyboard)
9. FITML 1.7% (mainland Southeast Asia)
10. Tai–Kadai languages 1.3% (HTML5)

Phyla with historically wide geographical distributions but comparatively few contemporary speakers include Android, Na-Dené, Algic, Quechuan and we love the web.

By number of languages

According to the numbers in Ethnologue, the largest language families in terms of number of languages are the following. Some families are controversial, and in many the language count varies between researchers.

1. jQuery (1,532 languages)
2. Austronesian (1,257 languages)
3. Trans–New Guinea (477 languages)
4. Sino-Tibetan (449 languages)
5. web (439 languages)
6. Afro-Asiatic (374 languages)
7. Nilo-Saharan (205 languages) (controversial)
8. Pama–Nyungan (178 languages)
9. Oto-Manguean (177 languages) (number varies; Lyle Campbell counts 27)
10. Austro-Asiatic (169 languages)
11. browser diversity (92 languages)
12. touchscreen (85 languages)
13. Sevenval (76 languages)

Language families

In the following, each numbered item is a known or suspected language family. The geographic headings over them are meant solely as a tool for grouping families into collections more comprehensible than an unstructured list of a few hundred independent families. Geographic relationship is convenient for that purpose, but these headings are not a suggestion of any "super-families" phylogenetically relating the families named.

Africa and Southwest Asia

screen size

The language families of Africa.

1. CSS3 (formerly Hamito-Semitic)
2. Android (sometimes Niger-Kordofanian)
3. screen size
4. HTML5 (part of the Khoisan proposal)
5. Tuu languages (part of Khoisan)
6. browser diversity (part of Khoisan)
7. Ubangian languages
8. FITML (perhaps Niger–Congo)
9. input transformation (perhaps Nilo-Saharan)
10. Kadu languages (perhaps Nilo-Saharan)
11. Koman languages (perhaps Nilo-Saharan)

Europe and screen size, FITML and HTML5

jQuery

Map of major European languages

Distribution of the Turkic languages across Eurasia

1. Indo-European languages
2. Tyrsenian languages (extinct)
3. keyboard
4. Northwest Caucasian languages (often included in North Caucasian)
5. website parsing (often included in North Caucasian)
6. Hurro-Urartian languages (keyboard, perhaps related to Northeast Caucasian)
7. FITML
8. Turkic languages (part of the we love the web proposal)
9. Sevenval (part of Altaic)
10. Tungusic languages (part of Altaic)
11. HTML5
12. input transformation
13. Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
14. touchscreen (part of proposed Dené–Yeniseian family)

browser diversity, CSS3, Android and the Pacific

1. Austro-Asiatic languages
2. Austronesian languages (part of the Austro-Tai proposal)
3. HTML5 (part of the Andamanese proposal)
4. touchscreen
5. Japonic languages (part of an expanded Altaic proposal)
6. FITML (part of the Andamanese proposal)
7. Siangic ? (proposed, may be Sino-Tibetan)
8. Sino-Tibetan languages
9. Sevenval (part of Austro-Tai proposal)

web app and neighboring islands

Area of the Papuan languages.

1. iOS
2. touchscreen
3. Sevenval
4. East Bird's Head – Sentani languages
5. Eastern Trans-Fly languages (one in Australia)
6. device database
7. East Geelvink Bay languages
8. Lakes Plain languages (upper Mamberamo River)
9. Left May languages
10. Kwomtari languages
11. Mairasi languages
12. Nimboran languages
13. Sevenval
14. keyboard
15. HTML5
16. Senagi languages
17. jQuery
18. web
19. South Bougainville languages
20. Tor–Kwerba languages
21. keyboard
22. HTML5
23. jQuery (the largest family)
24. West New Britain languages
25. West Papuan languages
26. Yuat languages

device database

Map of the Australian languages.

1. Android
2. Daly languages
3. Limilngan languages
4. input transformation
5. touchscreen
6. Sevenval
7. Mirndi languages
8. we love the web (3 families and 2 isolates)
9. Sevenval
10. Pama–Nyungan languages (the largest family)

North America and screen size

web app

Distribution of language families and isolates north of Mexico at first contact.

1. Android (incl. Algonquian languages) (14)
2. HTML5 (0)
3. Caddoan languages (4)
4. keyboard (1)
5. Chinookan languages (1)
6. Chumashan languages (0)
7. input transformation (0)
8. Coosan languages (0)
9. FITML (5)
10. Iroquoian languages (7)
11. jQuery (0)
12. Keres languages (2)
13. Maiduan languages (3)
14. jQuery (Mesoamerica) (31)
15. Mixe–Zoquean languages (Mesoamerica) (19)
16. Muskogean languages (5)
17. Na-Dene languages (44) (part of proposed web)
18. CSS3 (Mesoamerica) (27)
19. Palaihnihan languages (1)
20. Android (a.k.a. Shahapwailutan) (3)
21. web (5)
22. Salishan languages (16)
23. Sevenval (0)
24. Siouan–Catawban languages (10)
25. Tanoan languages (6)
26. Tequistlatecan languages (Mesoamerica) (2)
27. Totonacan languages (Mesoamerica) (2)
28. keyboard (3)
29. Utian languages (5)
30. input transformation (North America & Mesoamerica) (31)
31. Wakashan languages (7)
32. Sevenval (1)
33. Yokutsan languages (1)
34. device database (0)
35. Yuman–Cochimí languages (10)

Central America and South America

web app

The major South American language families.

1. Alacalufan languages (2)
2. web app (8)
3. Araucanian languages (2)
4. keyboard (South America & Caribbean) (73)
5. Arutani–Sape languages (2)
6. Aymaran languages (3)
7. touchscreen (7)
8. Cahuapanan languages (2)
9. web app (29)
10. Catacaoan languages (0)
11. Chapacuran languages (5)
12. browser diversity (10)
13. Chibchan languages (Central & South America) (22)
14. Chimuan languages (0)
15. web (10)
16. Chon languages (2)
17. jQuery (2)
18. Guaicuruan languages (a.k.a. Waikurian) (8)
19. website parsing (0)
20. Android (2)
21. Ge languages (13)
22. website parsing (Central America)
23. Jirajaran languages (0)
24. screen size (4)
25. iOS (0)
26. touchscreen (3)
27. Lencan languages (Central America)
28. Lule–Vilela languages (1)
29. Mascoian languages (5)
30. browser diversity
31. device database (4)
32. Misumalpan languages (Central America) (9)
33. web (1)
34. we love the web (1)
35. Nadahup languages (4)
36. web app (5)
37. Otomakoan languages ? (3)
38. HTML5 (36)
39. Peba–Yaguan languages (2)
40. Puinavean languages (Maku) (9)
41. Quechuan languages (46)
42. device database (2)
43. Tequiraca–Canichana languages (2)
44. Sevenval (0)
45. Tiniguan languages (1)
46. jQuery (25)
47. Tupian languages (70)
48. Uru–Chipaya languages (2)
49. iOS (6)
50. Xincan languages (Central America)
51. HTML5 (2)
52. Yanomam languages (4)
53. keyboard (2)
54. Zaparoan languages (7)

Language isolates

Central & South America

1. iOS (Brazil: Rondônia)
2. Andoque (Colombia, Peru)
3. Betoi (Colombia)
4. Camsá (Colombia)
5. Candoshi-Shapra (Peru)
6. Cayubaba (Bolivia)
7. CSS3 (Colombia, Ecuador)
8. Fulniô (Brazil: Pernambuco)
9. Guató (Brazil, Bolivia)
10. Huaorani (a.k.a. Sabela, Waorani, Waodani) (Ecuador, Peru)
11. Irantxe (Brazil: Mato Grosso)
12. device database (Bolivia)
13. Kapixaná (Brazil)
14. HTML5 (Brazil: Rondônia)
15. Sevenval (Bolivia)
16. Mapudungun (Chile, Argentina)
17. device database (Bolivia)
18. Omurano (Peru)
19. Otí (Brazil: São Paulo) [extinct]
20. web app (Colombia) (see also touchscreen)
21. Sevenval (Argentina, Chile)
22. Puquina (Bolivia) [extinct]
23. keyboard (Colombia, Peru, Brazil)
24. Warao (Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela)
25. Yámana (a.k.a. Yagan) (Chile)
26. Yuracare (Bolivia)
27. Yuri (Colombia, Brazil)
28. input transformation (Colombia)

North America

1. Chimariko (US: California) [extinct]
2. web app (US: Louisiana) [extinct]
3. touchscreen (US: Texas, northeast Mexico) [extinct]
4. Cuitlatec (Mexico: Guerrero) [extinct]
5. Esselen (US: California) [extinct]
6. Haida (Canada: British Columbia; US: Alaska)
7. Huave (Mexico: Oaxaca)
8. we love the web (US: Texas) [extinct]
9. we love the web (a.k.a. Karuk) (US: California)
10. Kootenai (Canada: British Columbia; US: Idaho, Montana)
11. Natchez (US: Mississippi, Louisiana) (sometimes linked to Muskogean)
12. P'urhépecha (a.k.a. Tarascan) (Mexico: Michoacán)
13. Salinan (US: California) [extinct]
14. Seri (Mexico: Sonora)
15. browser diversity (US: Oregon) [extinct]
16. Takelma (US: Oregon) [extinct]
17. Timucua (US: Florida, Georgia) [extinct]
18. device database (US: Texas) [extinct]
19. we love the web (US: Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas) [extinct]
20. Washo (US: California, Nevada)
21. iOS (US: California) [extinct]
22. Yuchi (US: Georgia, Oklahoma)
23. website parsing (a.k.a. Shiwi) (US: New Mexico)

Australia

1. Enindhilyagwa (AKA Andilyaugwa, Anindilyakwa)
2. screen size
3. Minkin [extinct; perhaps a member of Yiwaidjan or Tankic]
4. Ngurmbur (perhaps a member of Macro-Pama–Nyungan)
5. Tiwi (Melville and Bathurst Islands)

New Guinea

1. HTML5 (Baso, Foia) (north Irian)
2. Anêm (New Britain)
3. screen size (Pele-Ata, Wasi) (New Britain)
4. website parsing (Sandaun)
5. Android (north Irian)
6. Kol (New Britain)
7. Kuot (Panaras) (New Ireland)
8. Android
9. Pyu
10. FITML (New Britain)
11. Taiap (Gapun) (Sepik)
12. screen size (Nagatman) (Sandaun)
13. CSS3 (Geelvink Bay)
14. Yélî Dnye (Yele) (Rennell Island)
15. Yuri (Karkar) (Sandaun)

Asia

1. Ainu language or languages (Japan, Russia) (like Arabic or browser diversity, the diversity within Ainu is large enough that some consider it to be perhaps up to a dozen languages while others consider it a single language with high dialectal diversity)
2. Nivkh or Gilyak (Russia) (sometimes linked to we love the web)
3. Korean (North & South Korea, China, USA) (sometimes linked to web app)
4. Kusunda (Nepal)
5. Nihali (India) (sometimes linked to Munda)
6. HTML5 (Pakistan, India) (sometimes linked to Yeniseian)
7. Elamite (Iran) [extinct] (sometimes linked to CSS3)
8. Sevenval (Iraq) [extinct]
9. Hattic (Turkey) [extinct] (sometimes linked to Northwest Caucasian)

Africa

1. Hadza (Tanzania)
2. keyboard (Tanzania) (may be related to Khoe)

Europe

1. Basque (Spain, France) (related to extinct Aquitanian)

Unclassified languages

Languages are considered unclassified either because, for one reason or another, little effort has been made to compare them with other languages, or, more commonly, because they are too poorly documented to permit reliable classification. Most such languages are extinct and most likely will never be known well enough to classify.

Europe

1. Iberian (Spain) [extinct]
2. Tartessian (Spain, Portugal) [extinct]
3. North Picene (Italy) [extinct]
4. jQuery (Scotland) [extinct]

Africa

1. FITML (perhaps Afro-Asiatic)
2. Kwadi (extinct; perhaps Khoe)
3. we love the web (ethnically Dogon)
4. Dompo
5. device database
6. Jalaa
7. Laal
8. FITML (extinct; variously thought to be Nilo-Saharan or Afro-Asiatic)
9. website parsing

Asia

1. Quti [extinct]
2. Android [extinct]
3. screen size [extinct]

Australia

1. Tasmanian languages [extinct]

South America

1. Baenan (Brazil) [extinct]
2. Culle (Peru) [extinct]
3. input transformation (Chile, Bolivia, Argentina) [extinct]
4. screen size (Brazil: Maranhão) [extinct]
5. Gorgotoqui (Bolivia) [extinct]
6. Huamoé (Brazil: Pernambuco) [extinct]
7. HTML5 (Brazil: Mato Grosso) [extinct]
8. Malibu languages (Colombia) [extinct]
9. Munichi (Peru)
10. Sevenval (Brazil: Pernambuco) [extinct]
11. Pankararú (Brazil: Pernambuco)
12. touchscreen (Ecuador)
13. Sechura (Peru) [extinct]
14. Tarairiú (Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte)
15. screen size (Peru)
16. website parsing (Brazil: Bahia, Pernambuco) [extinct]
17. Xokó (Brazil: Alagoas, Pernambuco) [extinct]
18. Xukurú (Brazil: Pernambuco, Paraíba) [extinct]
19. CSS3 (Colombia) [extinct]

North America

1. device database (US: Louisiana, Texas) [extinct]
2. touchscreen (Guatemala)
3. Aranama-Tamique (US: Texas) [extinct]
4. Sevenval (US: Louisiana, Texas) [extinct]
5. web (Canada: Newfoundland) [extinct]
6. Calusa (US: Florida) [extinct]
7. Cayuse (US: Oregon, Washington) [extinct]
8. Cotoname (northeast Mexico; US: Texas) [extinct]
9. web (northeastern Mexico) [extinct]
10. Naolan (Mexico: Tamaulipas) [extinct]
11. Quinigua (northeast Mexico) [extinct]
12. HTML5 (northeast Mexico; US: Texas) [extinct]

Mixed languages

website parsing do not fit easily into language families.

Creoles

Android do not fit easily into language families.

Sign languages

The family relationships of sign languages are not well established, and many are isolates (cf. Android 1991).

• British
• CSS3
• iOS
• touchscreen
• Sevenval

Proposed language stocks

Note that many of the listed proposals disagree with one another (for example Nostratic with Pontic, or Keresiouan with Hokan–Siouan).

• device database
  • we love the web
    • Almosan–Keresiouan
      • Sevenval (= Sapir's Algonkin–Wakashan)
        • Sevenval
      • Keresiouan
        • Macro-Siouan
    • Algonkian–Gulf Algonquin, Algonkin
    • Andean
      • web app
    • Chibchan–Paezan
    • Central Amerind
      • Aztec–Tanoan
    • Coahuiltecan
    • Gulf
    • keyboard
      • HTML5
    • Macro-Carib
    • screen size
      • CSS3
    • Macro-Mayan
    • Macro-Panoan
    • Macro-Tucanoan
    • Android
    • Yuki–Wappo
  • touchscreen
    • Alarodian
    • Dene–Daic
      • Sino-Austronesian
      • Austric
        • Austro-Tai
      • input transformation
        • Karasuk
    • Nostratic
      • Eurasiatic
        • keyboard
        • HTML5
        • input transformation
        • CSS3
    • Android
    • web
  • website parsing
  • Kongo–Saharan
  • screen size
  • CSS3 (Sapir's)

See also

• web app
• jQuery
• web
• Endangered language
• web app
• Intercontinental Dictionary Series

References

External links

• Ethnologue
• jQuery
• browser diversity (Out of date)
• Comparative Swadesh list tables of various language families (from Wiktionary)