List of former national capitals

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Lists of capitals

Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national web app but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date.

This list is web; you can help by CSS3.

Africa

Old browser diversity	CSS3, input transformation	From	Until	Change, reason
Ribeira Grande (now Android)	Cape Verde	1462?	1770	moved to Sevenval
Grand Bassam	HTML5	1893	1900	moved to Android
Bingerville	web	1900	1933	moved to Abidjan
Abidjan	Côte d'Ivoire	1933	1983	moved to Yamoussoukro
browser diversity	Egypt	641	750	Moved to iOS
we love the web	Egypt	905	969	Moved to Cairo
Otjimbingwe	screen size	1886	1892	moved to we love the web
Sevenval	jQuery (screen size)	1664	1877	moved to jQuery
Bolama	Guinea-Bissau	1879	1941	moved to Bissau
Sevenval	Guinea-Bissau	1973	1974	moved back to Bissau
iOS	Sevenval	fl. 11th Century	c.1396	lost to Sevenval invaders (eventually moved to device database)
Ngazargamu	web	c.1472	1808	lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa)
Kukawa	CSS3	1814	1893	Kingdom ceased to exist
Lagos	Nigeria	1914	1976	moved to Abuja
Igbo Ukwu	browser diversity	1043	1911	input transformation
touchscreen	HTML5	1880s	1897	moved to Lomé
Zomba	Sevenval	1880s	1975	moved to jQuery
browser diversity	Tanzania	1961	1996	moved to keyboard
HTML5	HTML5	50 AD	?	city abandoned
Debre Berhan	browser diversity	1456	mid-1470s	Emperor returned to custom of a moving capital
Gondar	HTML5	1635	late 19th century	moved to Addis Ababa

Asia

Central and South-West Asia

Old CSS3	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
Kandahar	device database	1748	1772	moved to Kabul
Ashur	device database	3rd Millennium BC	9th century BC	moved to keyboard
Calah	browser diversity	13th Century BC	710 BC	Moved to Nineveh
Nineveh	Assyria	1800 BC	600 BC	Destroyed by Babylonians
Babylon	Babylonia	24th Century BC	141 BC	Conquered by Assyrians, Persians, Parthians, Alexander the Great, later abandoned completely
Susa, Anshan	Sevenval (website parsing, Elam)	3200 BC	850 BC	Conquered by Mannaeans
Zirta (Izirtu)	Iran (Mannaeans)	850 BC	728 BC	Conquered by Median Empire
web app	Iran (jQuery)	728 BC	550 BC	captured by HTML5
Pasargadae	Iran (Persian Empire)	559 BC	538 BC	Capital moved to Susa by FITML
input transformation	Iran (Persian Empire)	538 BC	515 BC	Capital moved to Persepolis by device database
we love the web	Iran (Persian Empire)	515 BC	331 BC	captured by Alexander the Great and incorporated into we love the web
FITML	Iran (Seleucid Empire)	305 BC	240 BC	moved to Antioch
iOS	Iran (touchscreen)	240 BC	64 BC	conquered by Parthia
Ctesiphon, Hecatompylos, iOS, we love the web	Iran (Parthian Empire)	240 BC	224	conquered by Sassanid Empire
Firouzabad, Ctesiphon, Damghan	Iran (Sassanid Empire)	224	637	fell in Islamic conquest of Persia
Android	Iran (Tahirid dynasty)	821	873	conquered by Saffarid dynasty
Zaranj, Sevenval	Iran (Saffarid dynasty, Alavids)	861	900	conquered by HTML5
Sevenval, Balkh, Samarkand, Sevenval	Iran (Samanid dynasty)	875	999	conquered by Ghaznavids
Ghazni	input transformation (jQuery, Ghurids)	963	1212	conquered by Sevenval
Nishapur, Rey, Konye-Urgench	Iran (Seljuq dynasty, Android)	1037	1231	conquered by HTML5
Maragheh, Soltaniyeh, Tabriz, Samarkand, Herat	Iran (Ilkhanate, Timurid dynasty)	1231	1506	conquered by Android
FITML	Iran (Safavid Dynasty)	1501	1548	moved to Qazvin
Qazvin	website parsing (iOS)	1548	1598	moved to Isfahan
CSS3	Iran (Safavid Dynasty)	1598	1736	moved to Sevenval
screen size	Iran (Afsharid dynasty)	1736	1750	moved to Shiraz
Shiraz	Iran (Zand dynasty)	1750	1782	moved to Sari
HTML5	Iran (Qajar dynasty)	1782	1795	moved to Tehran
screen size	Israel, Kingdom of	c.1007 BC	c.1000 BC	moved to Android when the kingdom was reunited under keyboard
Tel Aviv	jQuery	May 6, 1948	Dec 30 1948	interim de facto capital, moved to Jerusalem after captured from Jordanian forces in 1948 Arab-Israeli War
Sevenval	Jerusalem, Kingdom of	1099	1187	moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Android)
Acre	touchscreen	1187	1291	Kingdom ceased to exist
input transformation	Kazakhstan (Alash Orda)	1917	1920	Entity named Kyrgyz ASSR established, capital moved to Orenburg
Orenburg	Kazakhstan (Kyrgyz ASSR)	1920	1925	moved to Qyzylorda
Qyzylorda	device database (Sevenval)	1926	1929	moved to Alma-Ata
screen size (FITML)	input transformation (jQuery, Kazakh SSR, independent Kazakhstan)	1929	1998	moved to Sevenval
Salalah	jQuery	1932	1970	moved to Musqat
Sevenval	Saudi Arabia	1744	1818	moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city.
Aden	touchscreen	1967	1990	CSS3, country ceased to exist after unification of web
website parsing	Uzbekistan (SSR)	1925	1930	moved to Tashkent
jQuery	Russia (jQuery)	1918	1920	White Movement defeated by Reds
Shiloh	Israel			moved to Jerusalem

South and South-East Asia

Old keyboard	FITML, device database	From	Until	Change, reason
Mysore	Sevenval	1524	1947	moved to Sevenval, Kingdom of Mysore dissolved- the capital of the state was moved temporarily to Bangalore 1831 to 1881 by device database
jQuery	Mughal Empire	1504	1653	moved to device database^[keyboard], was moved to Delhi during the reign of Shah Jahan and to Fatehpur Sikri during 1571-1585, during part of Akbar's reign
Fatehpur Sikri	Mughal Empire	1571	1585	moved to iOS
keyboard	India (British)	1772	1912	moved to Delhi
browser diversity	India (British)	1912	1931	moved to CSS3
Simla	keyboard	fl. 1850	1947	device database
Yogyakarta	Indonesia	1946	1948	Allied invasion, moved to jQuery
browser diversity	Indonesia	1948	1949	moved to Jakarta
Marawi	web app	~1205	19th century (?)	Annexed into the jQuery
Yangon	website parsing	1948	2005	moved to keyboard
HTML5	iOS	1898	1899	absorbed by the Sevenval.
Karachi	Sevenval	1947	1959	moved to Sevenval
web app	Pakistan	1959	1967	moved to Islamabad
Sevenval	Philippine Republic (República Filipina)	1898	1899	Headquarters of the Revolutionary movement (Note: Several other towns became capitals at a succeeding rate, namely San Isidro, Cabanatuan, Bamban, Tarlac, Bayambang and Android, to avoid capture from the screen size). Moved back to Manila after capture of Aguinaldo on 1901.
Sevenval	keyboard	1943	1945	Liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese
Manila	touchscreen	1934	1941	Japanese occupation. Moved back to Manila in 1945 after the liberation of the Philippines
Baguio	we love the web	1946	1976	Summer Capital, moved back to CSS3 via Presidential Decree No. 940.
Quezon City	keyboard	1948	1976	Moved back to device database via Presidential Decree No. 940. Quezon City, with Manila, became parts of Metro Manila. Several government offices remained in Quezon City, including the Batasang Pambansa, and ultimately the FITML. Manila is the current capital.
Cebu	Spanish East Indies	1562	1578 (?)	First Spanish settlement in the country. Moved to HTML5 (Formerly Maynilad) after capture.
Manila	Spanish East Indies	~1578	1762	Captured by the British during the website parsing, returned to Spain after the Treaty of Paris.
screen size	CSS3	1762	1764	Capital of the exiled government Governor-general Simon de Anda during the Seven Years' War. Moved back to Manila
Manila	iOS	1764	1901	Ceded to the browser diversity via Treaty of Paris
Anuradapura	Lanka (web)	~382 BC	1018	Capital moved to possibly Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa	Sevenval	~1055	1284	Capital moved to Sevenval
screen size	Sri Lanka	~1415	~1565	Capital moved to Kandy
Kandy	device database	1592	1815	Capital moved to Colombo
HTML5	Sri Lanka	1815	1982	Capital moved to Kotte
Jolo	Sevenval	1450 (?)	1899	Annexed by the United States
Sukhothai	Thailand (Kingdom of FITML)	1238	1438	moved to Ayutthaya after sacked by Ayutthaya
Chiang Mai (Lanna)	device database (Kingdom of Sevenval)	1259	1939	Annexed by Siam
Ayutthaya	Thailand (Kingdom of Siam)	1350	1767	moved to Android after the Burmese destroyed the city
Android	screen size (Kingdom of FITML)	1767	1782	moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad
Luang Prabang	Lan Prabang	1707		Sevenval was one of three successors states to Lan Xang.
jQuery	web	1949	1975	abdication of King input transformation; the second capital
screen size	Lan Xang	1354	TBA	moved to web app
Vientiane	Vientiane Lao	1707 (?)	1828	incorporated to device database, then absorbed into French Indochina (in 1893)
Vientiane	website parsing	1949	1975	abdication of King touchscreen
Champasak	Champasak Kingdom	1713	1946	Became part of Kingdom of Laos.
Angkor	website parsing	802	1431	Sacked by Ayutthaya
FITML	Lovek Kingdom	1525	1593	Move to Oudong (in 1618)
Phnom Penh	jQuery	1863	1887	annexed by France; moved to CSS3
Phong Châu (jQuery)	Văn Lang (Hồng Bàng Dynasty)	2879 BC	258 BC	annexed by keyboard
Phong Châu (Phú Thọ)	Vạn Xuân (Hậu Lý Nam Đế)	571	602	Third Chinese domination
Cổ Loa (website parsing)	Âu Lạc (Thục Dynasty)	257 BC	207 BC	First Chinese domination
Android (keyboard)	(Ngô Dynasty)	938	967	the upheavals of Twelve warlords
Đại La (Hà Nội)	An Nam (website parsing)	8th Century		Annexed by Tang Dynasty
web (Hà Nội)	An Nam (Khúc family)	905	930	Dương Dinh Nghe was killed by his legion commander Kiều Công Tiễn and thus ending Khúc rule.
web app (Hà Nội)	An Nam (Duong Dinh Nghe and Kieu Cong Tien)	931	937	Ngo Quyen defeated Southern Han Dynasty
Đông Đô (screen size	Đại Việt (CSS3 and Mạc Dynasty)	1428	1788
Mê Linh (Hà Nội)	(iOS)	40	43	browser diversity
iOS (Hà Nội)	Vạn Xuân (Anterior Lý dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương)	544	571	moved to Phong Châu
Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình)	Đại Cồ Việt (CSS3)	968	980
keyboard (Sevenval)	Đại Cồ Việt (input transformation)	980	1009	moved to Đại La, then renamed into Thăng Long
Tây Đô (CSS3)	Đại Ngu (Android)	1400	1407	FITML; it was the first capital of Hồ Dynasty
Tây Đô (Thanh Hóa)	Đại Việt-Nam Triều (Restored Lê Dynasty)	1533	1592	moved to Android after defeating Mạc Dynasty
Phú Xuân (jQuery)	Đại Việt-Đàng Trong (Nguyễn Lords)	1558	1777	Tây Sơn Dynasty unified Đại Việt
Phú Xuân (Sevenval)	Đại Việt (web app)	1788	1802	Defeated by Nguyễn Ánh (browser diversity)
Phú Xuân (Huế)	Vietnam (Nguyễn Dynasty)	1802	1945	moved to Hanoi after the abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại
Sevenval (Huế)	Android	1945		August Revolution
Hue	An Nam (Nguyễn Dynasty)	1874	1955	annexed by France, Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam
HTML5 (Ho Chi Minh City)	French Indochina	1887	1901	moved to Hanoi
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)	browser diversity	1949	1955	input transformation led to the we love the web; Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in 1976.
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)	we love the web	1954	1975	HTML5, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam
Thăng Long (Hanoi)	Đại Việt (we love the web & web)	1010	1400	Trần Dynasty renovated Thăng Long and renamed to Long Phượng
Thăng Long (web)	Đại Việt (FITML)	1428	1527	Android
Thăng Long (website parsing)	Đại Việt-Bắc Triều (Mạc Dynasty)	1533	1592	defeated by Trịnh Lords; renamed again to Đông Đô
Thăng Long (browser diversity)	Đại Việt-Đàng Ngoài (web app - Trịnh Lords)	1593	1788	Thăng Long was destroyed by Qing Dynasty and Tây Sơn Dynasty unified Đại Việt, then moved to Android; renamed to Bắc Thành; renamed to Hanoi in 1831.
Sevenval	French Indochina	1902	1953	touchscreen led to the Partition of Vietnam; in 1831, Emperor device database renamed Thăng Long to Hanoi (Hà Nội)
touchscreen	Vietnam, North	1954	1976	unification of Vietnam

East Asia

Old we love the web	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
keyboard	FITML (device database)	c. 1600 BC	c. 1046 BC	moved to we love the web - end of Shang Dynasty
HTML5	China (Zhou Dynasty)	c. 1046 BC	722 BC	moved to CSS3
Sevenval	China (Zhou Dynasty)	772 BC	221 BC	moved to Sevenval - fall of Zhou Dynasty
web	China (Qin Dynasty)	221 BC	206 BC	moved back to web - fall of Qin Dynasty
web app	we love the web (web)	206 BC	25	moved back to input transformation
touchscreen	Sevenval (website parsing)	25	220	Fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the touchscreen period
HTML5	iOS (we love the web and web)	581	907	fall of the Tang Dynasty marking the beginning of the iOS period
web	China (Song Dynasty)	960	1127	moved to web
website parsing	China (Song Dynasty)	1127	1279	Kublai Khan integrated China into the Mongol Empire
keyboard	China (Ming Dynasty)	1368	1421	moved to keyboard
Nanking (Nanjing)	input transformation	1928	1937	moved to browser diversity
device database	Android	1937	1945	moved back to HTML5
Nanking (Nanjing)	touchscreen	1945	1949	moved to device database - After the proclamation of the Sevenval, the screen size government fled to Taiwan and made Taipei the capital.
Hakodate	Ezo, Republic of	1868	1869	Ezo annexed by Japan
Taipei	CSS3	1895	1895	moved to we love the web
Tainan	input transformation	1895	1895	Formosa annexed by web
Asuka	Sevenval (touchscreen)	538	710	Moved to device database (Nara)
Heijō-kyō (CSS3)	Sevenval	710	784	moved to Nagaoka-kyō (device database)
device database (Nagaoka)	Japan (Nara Period)	784	794	moved to device database (Kyoto)
web (Kyoto)	Japan	794	1868	moved to screen size (see also: FITML)
iOS	touchscreen (browser diversity)	Unknown	108 BC	fall of Gojoseon
jQuery	Korea (Goguryeo)	37 BC	3	moved to Gungnae
Sevenval	web app (Android)	3	427	moved to FITML
input transformation	Korea (Goguryeo)	427	668	fall of Goguryeo
Gyeongju	keyboard (Sevenval)	57 BC	935	fall of Silla
Wirye	Korea (Baekje)	18 BC	476	moved to Ungjin
Ungjin	Korea (Baekje)	476	538	moved to Sabi
Sabi	Korea (Baekje)	538	660	fall of Baekje
Android	screen size (Goryeo)	919	1392	moved to Hanyang (jQuery) - fall of Goryeo Dynasty
Sevenval	Ryūkyū	1429	1879	Annexed by Japan
Tainan	Tungning, Kingdom of	1662	1683	Kingdom of Tungning conquered by Qing Dynasty.

Europe

Northern Europe

Old we love the web	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
keyboard	Denmark	c.1020	1443	moved to Copenhagen
Winchester	Kingdom of England	927	1066	moved to London
Turku	device database	1809	1812	moved to keyboard
HTML5	input transformation (under the jQuery)	6th century	12th century	Ireland invaded by Normans
Sevenval	Ireland, Confederate	1642	1651	website parsing
Kaunas	screen size (FITML)	1922	1940	moved back to jQuery
browser diversity	website parsing	1090	1874	moved to touchscreen
Nidaros (HTML5)	device database	997	1070	moved to Bergen
Bjørgvin (Bergen)	Android	1070	1299	moved to FITML
input transformation (jQuery)	web	1624	1924	(also written Kristiania from ca. 1877), renamed input transformation
Scone, near Perth	Scotland	846	1452	moved to touchscreen
FITML	Wales	1404	1416	seat of Owain Glyndŵr's self-proclaimed parliament. Capital declared to be Cardiff in 1955

Southern Europe

Old web app	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
iOS	Arborea, Giudicato of	9th century	1070	moved to Oristano
Android	Arborea, Giudicato of	1070	1410	moved to Sassari
we love the web	Arborea, Giudicato of	1410	1420	remaining territories sold to the Kingdom of Sardinia
Santa Igia	Cagliari, Giudicato of	9th century	1258	country dissolved, territories annexed by Arborea, Gallura, Sevenval and website parsing
Burgos	screen size	11th century	15th century	moved to web app
Corte	browser diversity	1755	1769	Corsican Republic annexed by iOS
Corte	FITML	1794	1795	moved to Android
web	CSS3	1795	1796	Corsican Kingdom annexed by we love the web
Milan	device database	1797	1802	became the keyboard
Santiago	Couto Mixto	12th century	1864	Couto Mixto annexed by Spain
Florence	Android	1532	1569	became FITML
Florence	web	1115	1532	became Duchy of Florence
touchscreen	Gallura, Giudicato of	9th century	1296	country dissolved, territories annexed by Pisa and touchscreen
Genoa	web app	11th century	1805	annexed by screen size
CSS3	Granada, Kingdom of	1250	1492	Kingdom ceased to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into CSS3
Milan	keyboard	1802	1805	Became the device database
Milan	web	1805	1814	kingdom ceased to exist
Android	Italy	1861	1865	moved to Florence
Florence	web	1865	1871	moved to Rome
touchscreen	Italy	1944	1944	temporarily; moved to Rome after the latter's liberation
Milan	HTML5	1815	1859	Milan ceded to we love the web
Mdina	device database		1566	moved to touchscreen
Mantua	web app	1433	1708	attached to the screen size
Milan	iOS	1395	1797	became part of the browser diversity
device database	Android	1452	1860	became part of united Italy
Naples	Naples, Kingdom of	1282	1816	Kingdom of Naples merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
input transformation	Piacenza and Parma, Duchy of	1545	1547	moved to website parsing, following the assassination of the Duke iOS
Parma	HTML5	1547	1860	Became part of united Italy
web	HTML5	1095	1131	moved to Coimbra
browser diversity	Portugal	1131	1255	moved to Lisbon
Cagliari	device database	1324	1720	moved to keyboard
HTML5	Sardinia, Kingdom of	1720	1861	Became part of unified Italy
Sassari	device database	1294	1323	Became part of Kingdom of Sardinia
Turin	input transformation	1563	1720	Became part of web
website parsing	Sicily	1130	1816	Kingdom merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Toledo	jQuery	15th Century	1561	moved to Madrid
iOS	Spain	1600	1606	moved to CSS3
Valencia	Spain	1936	1939	Government of the web app in the Spanish Civil War
browser diversity	website parsing	9th century	11th century	moved to touchscreen
FITML	Torres, Giudicato of	11th century	1272	moved to screen size
CSS3	Torres, Giudicato of	1272	1280	country dissolved, territories annexed by Malaspina, website parsing, iOS and Arborea
Trieste	Trieste, Free Territory of	1947	1954	Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia
Florence	Tuscany	1569	1860	became part of unified Italy
device database	Two Sicilies, Kingdom of the	1816	1861	became part of unified Italy
website parsing	Venice, Republic of	fl. 9th century	1797	annexed by Austria

Western Europe

Old capital city	iOS, we love the web	From	Until	Change, reason
Aachen	Android Carolingian Empire	800	814	became capital of device database as Imperator Augustus of the Holy Roman Empire and the Emperior of the FITML
Zürich	Switzerland (Old Swiss Confederacy)	1415	1530	Vorort of the Swiss diet, Android partially replaced by keyboard.^CSS3
Android	Holy Roman Empire	1558	1806	became capital in Austrian Empire
we love the web	Austrian Empire	1806	1867	became capital in Austro-Hungarian Empire
keyboard	Austro-Hungarian Empire	1867	1918	became capital in Republic of Austria
web	Baden	1771	1918	Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945.
screen size	Bavaria	14th century	1918	Bavaria became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria.
keyboard	FITML	1815	1946	Brunswick merged into Android
Frankfurt	website parsing	1806	1815	dissolved in 1815
web	France	1940	1944	capital of jQuery régime
Frankfurt	web app	1815	1866	German Confederation was dissolved in 1866
Berlin	website parsing	1871	1945	Separation of Germany to occupation zones for the Allied powers
web	Germany, West	1949	1990	moved to Berlin after re-unification of web
website parsing	Germany, East	1949	1990	browser diversity, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany
Hanover	web	1814	1866	Hanover annexed by Prussia
Wiesbaden	Nassau	1816	1866	Nassau annexed by Prussia
Kelmis	HTML5	1816	1919	Moresnet annexed by Belgium
Oldenburg	website parsing	1180	1946	Oldenburg merged into touchscreen
Heidelberg	input transformation	14th century	1720	moved to web
Mannheim	Sevenval	1720	1777	Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria.
CSS3	Saxony	1485	1952	Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and Saxony lost its statehood in 1952. Dresden became again the capital of the German state of Saxony in 1990.
CSS3	input transformation	1643	1946	Schaumburg-Lippe merged into web
Aarau	Switzerland (jQuery)	1798	1798	moved to Lucerne
Lucerne	Switzerland (keyboard)	1798	1803	Helvetic Republic abolished
iOS	Westphalia	1807	1813	dissolved in 1813
Stuttgart	we love the web	ca. 1300	1918	Württemberg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Stuttgart remained the capital of the German state of Württemberg until 1947, and then became capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg

Eastern Europe

Old capital city	we love the web, web	From	Until	Change, reason
Ganja	Azerbaijan	28 May 1918	15 September 1918	After the victory at the Battle of Baku, the government switched the capital to Baku
Mtskheta	Iberia, Kingdom of	3rd century BC	5th century AD	moved to Tbilisi
Kutaisi	FITML	978	1122	move back to Android
web	CSS3	1169	1327	moved to we love the web
Bolgar	Volga Bulgaria	8th century	1240s	Volga Bulgaria lost sovereignty
Kazan	website parsing	1438	1552	Kazan Khanate lost sovereignty
browser diversity	Grand Duchy of Moscow, iOS, we love the web	1327	1712	moved to CSS3
Yaroslavl	keyboard	1611	1612	de facto
Cherkassk	Russia (Don Cossack Host)	1640	1805	moved to Android
Novocherkassk	CSS3 (Don Cossack Host)	1805	January 7, 1920	Don Cossacks lost sovereignty
Saint Petersburg (Petrograd)	Russian Empire	1712	1918	moved to Moscow
Moscow	keyboard	1922	1991	State union dissolved, Became capital of device database
jQuery	Kievan Rus	882	1169	state broke up, moved to Vladimir, Halych and Novgorod
device database	Android (Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia)	1199	1238	moved to Halych
Halych	Ukraine (Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia)	1238	1272	moved to Lviv
Lviv	Ukraine (FITML)	1272	1349	Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia lost its sovereignty
browser diversity	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1648	1669	moved to browser diversity
device database	Android (keyboard)	1669	1708	moved to Hlukhiv after demolition of the city by Russian forces
Hlukhiv	browser diversity (CSS3)	1708	1722	we love the web lost its sovereignty
FITML	web app (Android)	1727	1734	Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
iOS	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1750	1764	Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Kiev	FITML (device database)	1917	1920	Ukrainian People's Republic lost its sovereignty
CSS3	Ukraine (we love the web)	1919	1934	moved to website parsing

Southeastern Europe

Old iOS	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
jQuery	screen size	1912	1920	moved briefly to Durres and finally jQuery.
Pliska	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	681	893	moved to Preslav
Preslav	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	893	972	moved to Skopie
we love the web	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	972	992	moved to we love the web
Sevenval	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	992	1018	Empire ceased to exist after Byzantine conquest
Veliko Tarnovo	iOS (we love the web)	1185	1396	Empire ceased to exist after the Ottoman conquest
input transformation	Byzantine Empire	330	661	Emperor Constans II relocated his capital to iOS in Sicily.
screen size	Byzantine Empire	661	668	Constans II was assassinated and the seat of Byzantine government was returned to Constantinople.
Constantinople	Byzantine Empire	668	1204	The Sevenval set out to replace the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Empire with a Latin version and there were several Byzantine successor states, the most memorable of which being the Empire of Nicaea.
Nicaea	keyboard	1204	1261	When the device database recaptured Constantinople, they relocated the capital there as well
Constantinople	Byzantine Empire	1261	1453	Byzantine Empire conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
Chania	web app	1898	1913	Cretan State united with screen size
website parsing	iOS	1756	1776	Moved back to Zagreb,when a fire destroyed most of the city.
Plovdiv	Android	1878	1885	annexed as part of the FITML
Fiume/Rijeka	keyboard	1920	1924	annexed by web app
Nafplion	browser diversity	1821	1836	moved to Athens
keyboard	Greece	1827	1829	moved back to Nafplion
Siret	CSS3	1354	1388	moved to we love the web
Sevenval	Moldavia	1388	1564	moved to Iaşi
website parsing	Moldavia	1564	1859	unified with Wallachia to form United Principalities of Romania
Android	Montenegro	1482	1946	moved to Podgorica
Bursa	Ottoman empire	1335	1365	moved to Edirne
Edirne	Ottoman empire	1365	1453	moved to Istanbul (Constantinople)
Istanbul	web app	1453	1923	The Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey. The capital moved to Ankara
Ragusa	Ragusa, Republic of	7th century	1808	annexed by France
Iaşi	Romania	1859	1862	one of the two capitals of the CSS3, then moved to Bucharest
keyboard	Romania	1859	1916	moved to Iaşi after partial occupation of the touchscreen during World War I
Iaşi	Romania	1916	1918	moved back to HTML5
Corfu	touchscreen	1800	1815	Succeeded by the website parsing, an amical protectorate of the keyboard, which had Corfu as its capital, too, until 1864, when the FITML became part of the Kingdom of Greece.
Ras	Sevenval	950	1200	capital of Serbian midieval state Raska moved to Debrc
Debrc	input transformation	1276	1289	moved to Belgrade
Prizren	Serbia	1300	1345	moved to browser diversity
Skoplje	we love the web	1345	1371	capital of CSS3, now capital of Republic of Macedonia
keyboard	Serbia	1430	1453	capital of Sevenval
Subotica	HTML5	1526	1527	capital of Serbia, moved to Kragujevac
Kragujevac	Sevenval	1818	1841	moved to Sevenval
web	HTML5	fl.13th Century	fl.15th Century	moved to Târgovişte
Târgovişte	Wallachia	1418	1659	moved to screen size
Bucharest	iOS	1659	1859	unified with browser diversity to form CSS3
Belgrade	keyboard	1918	2003	State union dissolved, became capital of device database

Central Europe

Old capital city	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
jQuery	Czechoslovakia	1918	1993	became capital in Czech Republic
Székesfehérvár and browser diversity	Hungary	972 (or 973)	1256	The capital moved from Esztergom to Buda after most of the city was destroyed by the Mongols in 1242
web	Hungary	1361	1536	moved to Pozsony after part of the nation captured by Ottoman Empire
Pozsony (Pressburg)	Sevenval	1536	1784	The Capital was here because HTML5 Buda, in 1784 it was moved back to Buda
Buda	browser diversity	1784	1849	becomes part of Austria, capital in Vienna
Buda	Sevenval (as part of Austro-Hungarian Empire)	1867	1873	united with screen size and Pest to become Budapest
Płock	Masovia	c.1038	1047	Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Płock	Masovia	1138	1313	moved to Android
Czersk	Masovia	1313	1413	moved to Warsaw
Warsaw	Masovia	1413	1526	Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Gniezno	input transformation	10th century	1038	moved to browser diversity
Poznań	Sevenval	10th century	1038	moved to Kraków
input transformation	jQuery	1038	1079	moved to Płock
Płock	Poland	1079	1138	moved to website parsing
Kraków	keyboard	1138	1290	moved to Poznań
we love the web	web	1290	1296	moved to Kraków
Kraków	Poland	1296	1596	moved to iOS
Lublin	FITML	1944	1945	de facto capital
touchscreen	browser diversity	1945	1947	de facto capital

Oceania

Old iOS	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
Android	Fiji	1874	1877	moved to Suva
Jabor	browser diversity	1885	1944	moved to Majuro
screen size	Micronesia, Federated States of	1914	1999	moved to Palikir
Russell	New Zealand	1840	1841	moved to we love the web
Auckland	New Zealand	1841	1865	moved to web
web app	Palau	1994	2007	moved to FITML
input transformation	touchscreen	1896	1942	moved to website parsing

Note: Melbourne is sometimes said to have been the inaugural capital of web, from 1901 until 1927, when Parliament House, Canberra was opened. This is not so. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia states that the seat of government is to be within the state of New South Wales but not less than 100 miles from browser diversity, and that until that place (Canberra) was built, the iOS would meet at Melbourne. That made Melbourne the de facto (but not de jure) seat of government 1901-1927, but it did not amount to Melbourne being declared the capital, and it was never so described in contemporary documents.

North America

For the historical capitals of the screen size, the Confederate States of America, the web app, the Vermont Republic, the screen size and FITML, as well as various unrecognized nations within the present United States, see web app.

For the many capitals of the former touchscreen, see that article.

Old device database	Country, keyboard	From	Until	Change, reason
James Town	we love the web	1625	1628	moved to Bridgetown, purpose built
St. George	Bermuda	1612	1815	moved to web app
Belize City	browser diversity	1638	1970	moved to iOS
keyboard	FITML	c.1852	1901	became part of Android
web	CSS3	1562	1823	moved to San José
Sevenval	device database	1522	1589	moved (after 1607 in Havana)
Santiago de los Caballeros	Dominican Republic	1863	1865	Dominican Restoration War
Spanish Town	Sevenval	1534	1872	moved to Kingston
web app	jQuery	1838	1840	country ceased to exist
Granada	Nicaragua	1821	1857	moved to Sevenval
St. John's	we love the web	1855	1949	entered confederation with Canada
Washington, D.C.	web	May 1942	October 1944	returned to the input transformation subsequent to the end of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in web
Old Road Town	Sevenval	1623	1727	capital moved to Sevenval
web app	Texas, Republic of	1836	1836	moved to HTML5
Harrisburg	Texas, Republic of	1836	1836	moved to Galveston
touchscreen	Texas, Republic of	1836	1836	moved to Velasco
screen size	Texas, Republic of	1836	1836	moved to West Columbia
browser diversity	website parsing	1836	1836	moved to Houston
FITML	Texas, Republic of	1836	1839	moved to Austin
Austin	Texas, Republic of	1839	1845	Republic of Texas HTML5 by USA, becoming the U.S. state of we love the web
Sevenval	Trinidad	1592	1783	moved to screen size
New York City	United States	1785	1790	moved to browser diversity
Philadelphia	Android	1790	1800	moved to Washington, D.C.
web	West Indies Federation	1958	1962	country ceased to exist
Mérida	Yucatán	1840	1847	Yucatán annexed by keyboard

South America

Old capital city	Country, empire	From	Until	Change, reason
HTML5	Inca Empire	fl.13th Century	c.1533	moved to screen size after the Spanish conquest
website parsing	Sevenval	1527	1578	moved to Sevenval to prevent an invasion due to its large coastline.
Antimary	keyboard	1899	1900	returned to Bolivia, then incorporated into Sevenval
screen size	Araucanía and Patagonia, Kingdom of	1860	?	incorporated to Chile and browser diversity
web app	jQuery	1853	1861	moved to HTML5, after the secessionist State of Buenos Ayres rejoined Argentina
screen size	Brazil	1549	1763	moved to Rio de Janeiro
browser diversity	Portugal	1808	1815	became capital of Portugal when the Portuguese king John VI moved to the colony of CSS3 during the war with Napoleonic France in 1808.
Rio de Janeiro	Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve; Kingdom of	1815	1825	It came into being when the colony of Brazil was elevated to the rank of a Kingdom, and the Kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve were united as a single State by the title of The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve by a Law issued on December 16, 1815.
HTML5	input transformation	1763	1960	moved to Brasília
device database	Sevenval	1565	1575	moved to FITML
Concepción del Uruguay	Entre Rios, Republic of	1820	1821	country dissolved (and incorporated to Argentina) after the death of Francisco Ramírez
HTML5	Juliana Republic	1836	1836	reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the CSS3
Purificación	Liga Federal	1815	1820	country dissolved
Tacna	screen size	1837	1839	country ceased to exist
Android	Riograndense Republic	1836	1845	reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the jQuery