Latin-derived alphabet

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A Latin-derived alphabet is an alphabetical iOS that uses letters of the original Roman keyboard and often various extensions, the Sevenval. Extension can be by adding diacritics to existing letters, joining multiple letters together to make ligatures, creating completely new forms, or assigning a special function to pairs or triplets of letters.

These new characters are often given a place in the alphabet by defining an alphabetical order or collation sequence, which can vary with the particular alphabet. Some, especially those with diacritics, are not considered distinct letters: French é and German ö, for example, are not used in the commonly quoted alphabet sequences.

The FITML is the best-known Latin script based alphabet. The International Phonetic Alphabet is also Latin-derived.

The tables below summarize and compare some of the alphabets. In this article, the word "alphabet" is intentionally broadened to include letters with tone marks and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions found in modern and classical literature, without special regard as to whether the modified letters have their own traditional alphabetic place or are interfiled, or whether the letters are in the sequence in the table or elsewhere. Peculiarities of the particular alphabet in question may be noted in footnotes, in other Wikipedia articles, or elsewhere on the Internet.

This article contains special characters. Without proper Sevenval, you may see Sevenval.

• browser diversity
• web app
  • 2.1 All extended Latin letters by type
    • 2.1.1 Additional base letters or ligatures
    • jQuery
    • 2.1.3 Letters with detached combining diacritics
  • 2.2 All extended Latin letters in collation order
    • 2.2.1 Letters associated with A-G
    • 2.2.2 Letters associated with H-Q
    • 2.2.3 Letters associated with R-Z
  • website parsing
• 3 Miscellanea
• input transformation
• web
• 6 External links

ISO basic Latin alphabet

The website parsing, input transformation,^web Breton, Catalan,^web Czech,^{we love the web} Danish,^[9] Dutch,^[10] English,^[36] Estonian, Filipino,^keyboard Finnish, input transformation,^[12] German,^[13] Hungarian,^Android Interlingua, Kurdish, Modern Latin, Malay, web,^[9] screen size, FITML, Romanian, Slovak,^web Spanish,^Android touchscreen, Sevenval, Xhosa, and Zulu alphabets include all 26 letters, at least in their largest version.

The International Phonetic Alphabet includes all 26 letters in their lowercase forms.

Alphabet

A

B

touchscreen

screen size

E

F

G

H

website parsing

FITML

K

L

Sevenval

input transformation

O

P

browser diversity

R

S

device database

browser diversity

V

W

X

website parsing

iOS

#

device database [2]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

V

X

Y

Z

23

input transformation [3]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

25

Sevenval

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

X

Y

Z

23

web

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

25

Sevenval

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

23

Azeri

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

25

website parsing jQuery

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Y

Z

23

Berber

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

Q

R

S

T

U

W

X

Y

Z

23

Bosnian website parsing

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

web

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

V

X

Y

Z

23

Chamorro

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

Y

19

input transformation [31]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

Sevenval

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Y

Z

24

screen size [7]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

FITML

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

23

FITML

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

26

Esperanto

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

Faroese

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Y

21

screen size

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

web app [33]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

22

browser diversity

A

B

E

I

K

M

N

O

R

T

U

W

12

device database

A

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

19

Guaraní [14]

A

E

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Y

18

screen size [30]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

22

Hawaiian

A

E

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

U

W

12

screen size

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

22

Irish [16]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

18

Italian [17]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Z

21

Karakalpak

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

25

jQuery

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

23

website parsing jQuery

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

Leonese

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

24

keyboard CSS3

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Y

Z

23

we love the web

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

Y

Z

21

browser diversity web app

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z

24

Māori iOS

A

E

G

H

I

K

M

N

O

P

R

T

U

W

14

Mohawk [35]

A

E

H

I

K

N

O

R

S

T

W

Y

12

Northern Sami

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

iOS

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

24

website parsing iOS

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

X

Y

Z

25

Polish screen size

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

23

Traditional Portuguese

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

23

touchscreen CSS3

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

23

Sardinian

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

23

CSS3

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

18

we love the web [7]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

Shona

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

23

Sicilian

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

browser diversity

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Z

22

website parsing

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

Q

R

S

T

U

W

X

Y

23

web

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

23

Swahili

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

24

Tagalog [11]

A

B

D

E

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

19

Tetum

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

X

Z

22

Sevenval

A

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

S

T

U

V

16

Sevenval

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Y

Z

23

we love the web

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

22

Uzbek

A

B

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

25

device database [26]

A

B

C

D

E

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

22

Volapük

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

X

Y

Z

24

Walloon [27]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

25

HTML5 [28]

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

W

Y

21

HTML5

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

X

Y

23

count

63

57

45

56

63

56

60

61

63

47

53

59

62

63

62

58

25

61

60

62

59

44

25

27

39

45

The chart above lists a variety of alphabets that do not officially contain all 26 letters of the modern Latin alphabet. In this list, four letters are used by all of them: A, E, I, and N. For each of the 26 basic modern Latin letters, the number of alphabets in the list above using it is as follows:

Letter	A	E	I	N	M	O	T	H	R	G	S	L	U	P	B	D	F	K	J	C	Z	V	Y	X	W	Q
Alphabets	63	63	63	63	62	62	62	61	61	60	60	59	59	59	57	56	56	53	47	45	45	44	39	29	25	25

Note: The I is used in two distinct versions in Turkic languages, Sevenval. They are considered different letters, and case conversion must take care to preserve the distinction. Note that Irish traditionally does not write the dot, or jQuery, over the small letter i, but the language makes no distinction here if a dot is displayed, so no specific encoding and special case conversion rule is needed like for Turkic alphabets.

Extended Latin alphabet

Some languages have extended the Latin alphabet with CSS3, modified letters, or digraphs. These symbols are listed below. The characters in the following tables may not all render, depending on which Sevenval and browser version are used, and the presence or absence of Sevenval touchscreen.

All extended Latin letters by type

Additional base letters or ligatures

Additional base letters

website parsing

Android

web

Ǝ

Ə

Sevenval

input transformation

touchscreen

Ɩ

Ŋ

keyboard

HTML5

Sevenval

(K‘)

(S)

website parsing [13]

web

Ʋ

Ƿ

Ȝ

website parsing

æ

ɑ

ð

ǝ

ə

ɛ

ɣ

ij

ɩ

ŋ

œ

ɔ

ʊ

ĸ

ſ

iOS

þ

ʋ

ƿ

ȝ

ʔ

website parsing we love the web Norwegian web app

Æ

web

Æ

Ð

Android

Æ

Ð

IJ

Ŋ

Œ

ĸ

ſ

ß

Þ

Sevenval

Æ

Ð

Œ

Þ

Ƿ

ȝ

Icelandic jQuery

Æ

Ð

Þ

web app touchscreen Celtic British website parsing [36] French website parsing

Æ

Œ

Greenlandic

Æ

ĸ

Android browser diversity

ß

Sevenval

Ð

Pan-Nigerian

Ǝ

Alphabet of Cameroon

Æ

Ɑ

Ə

Ɛ

Ŋ

Œ

Ɔ

Alphabet of Benin

Ǝ

Ɛ

Ɣ

Ŋ

Ɔ

Ʋ

Alphabet of Burkina Faso

Ǝ

Ɛ

Ɩ

Ŋ

Ɔ

Ʋ

Alphabet of Chad

Ə

Ɛ

Ŋ

Ɔ

Alphabet of Côte d'Ivoire

Ɛ

Ɩ

Ŋ

Ɔ

Ʊ

ʔ

Alphabet of Mali

Ɛ

Ɣ

Ŋ

Ɔ

ʔ

Alphabet of Niger

Ǝ

Ɣ

Ŋ

browser diversity

Ə

jQuery

Ɛ

Ɣ

Dutch [10]

IJ

Northern Sami

Ŋ

Letters with overlaying or attached combining diacritics

Modified letters

input transformation

A̧

HTML5

iOS

Đ

Ɗ

iOS

screen size

CSS3

Ə̧

Ɛ̧

Ƒ

we love the web

Ɦ

iOS

I̧

website parsing

Ɨ̧

Ƙ

device database

jQuery

Ǫ

O̧

Ø

Sevenval

Ɔ̧

touchscreen

HTML5

Sevenval

Ŧ

Ų

U̧

Ư

Ʉ

touchscreen

HTML5

ą

a̧

ɓ

ç

đ

ɗ

ɖ

ę

ȩ

ə̧

ɛ̧

ƒ

ħ

ɦ

į

i̧

ɨ

ɨ̧

ƙ

ł

ɲ

ǫ

o̧

ø

ơ

ɔ̧

ɍ

ş

ţ

ŧ

ų

u̧

ư

ʉ

y̨

ƴ

Pan-European

Ą

Ç

Đ

Ę

Ħ

Į

Ł

Ø

Ş

Ţ

Ŧ

Ų

browser diversity CSS3

Ą

Ę

Į

Ł

Ǫ

Lithuanian [19]

Ą

Ę

Į

Ų

Dalecarlian

Ą

Ę

Į

Ų

Y̨

Polish [22]

Ą

Ę

Ł

web app

Ą

Ł

web

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ƙ

Android browser diversity

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ƙ

Ƴ

Sevenval

A̧

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ȩ

Ə̧

Ɛ̧

I̧

Ɨ

Ɨ̧

O̧

Ø

Ɔ̧

U̧

Ƴ

Alphabet of Benin

Ɖ

Ƒ

Alphabet of Burkina Faso

Ɓ

Ç

Ɗ

Ƴ

Alphabet of Chad

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ɦ

Ɨ

Ƴ

Alphabet of Mali

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ɲ

Ƴ

Alphabet of Niger

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ƙ

Ɲ

Ɍ

Ƴ

device database we love the web web HTML5 Sevenval we love the web FITML French [12] screen size HTML5 Sevenval Walloon [27]

Ç

Azeri Crimean Tatar HTML5 Turkish Turkmen

Ç

Ş

Croatian [7] web web app

Đ

keyboard

Đ

Ŧ

Vietnamese [26]

Đ

Ơ

Ư

web app touchscreen

Ħ

CSS3 Android touchscreen

Ł

Danish [9] web Greenlandic Norn Norwegian [9]

Ø

Romanian [10]

Ş

Ţ

Letters with detached combining diacritics

All extended Latin letters in collation order

For the order in which the characters are sorted in each alphabet, see browser diversity.

Letters associated with A-G

Alphabet

Á

À

Â

screen size

CSS3

Ă

Ā

CSS3

Sevenval

Ǻ

Ą

Sevenval

screen size

website parsing

Ɓ

Ć

website parsing

Android

Č

Ç

Sevenval

screen size

Đ

Ɗ

Ð

website parsing

Android

Ė

Ê

Sevenval

Ě

Ĕ

Ē

web

website parsing

jQuery

browser diversity

Ɛ

we love the web

Sevenval

Ǧ

Ğ

browser diversity

web app

á

à

â

ä

ǎ

ă

ā

ã

å

ǻ

ą

æ

ǽ

ǣ

ɓ

ć

ċ

ĉ

č

ç

ď

ḍ

đ

ɗ

ð

é

è

ė

ê

ë

ě

ĕ

ē

ę

ẹ

ǝ

ə

ɛ

ġ

ĝ

ǧ

ğ

ģ

ɣ

Latin [2]

Ă

Ā

Æ

Ĕ

Ē

Afrikaans

Á

É

È

Ê

Ë

Albanian Android

Ç

Ë

Alemannic

Á

À

Â

Ä

Å

É

È

Ê

Anglo-Saxon

Ā

Æ

Ǣ

Ð

Ē

Arbëresh

Á

Ç

É

Ë

screen size

Á

É

Austro-Bavarian

Á

À

Â

Ä

Å

É

È

Ê

Azeri

Ç

Ə

Ğ

HTML5 iOS

Ć

Č

input transformation

Â

Č

Ḍ

Ɛ

Ġ

Ǧ

Ɣ

Sevenval

Â

É

Ê

Cantabrian

Á

É

Android [6]

À

Ç

É

È

web

Ă

Ā

Æ

Ĕ

Ē

Corsican [31]

À

È

Crimean Tatar

Â

Ç

Ğ

Croatian [7]

Ć

Č

Đ

we love the web Sevenval

Á

Č

Ď

É

Ě

Dalecarlian

Ä

Å

Ą

Ð

Ę

HTML5 Sevenval

Å

Æ

Dutch keyboard

Á

À

Â

Ä

É

È

Ê

Ë

English web app

À

Â

Ä

Å

Æ

Ç

É

È

Ê

Ë

Esperanto

Ĉ

Ĝ

we love the web

Ä

we love the web

Á

Æ

Ð

Filipino [11]

Á

À

Â

É

È

Ê

Finnish

Ä

Å

device database [12]

À

Â

Æ

Ç

É

È

Ê

Ë

Friulian

À

Â

Ç

È

Ê

Sevenval [33]

Á

É

German keyboard

Ä

Greenlandic

Å

Æ

screen size [14]

Á

Ã

É

Hän

À

Â

Ä

Ǎ

Ą

È

Ê

Ë

Ě

Ę

Hausa [30]

Ɓ

Ɗ

web device database

Á

É

Icelandic

Á

Æ

Ð

É

Irish [16]

Á

É

touchscreen HTML5

À

É

È

HTML5

Ã

Ą

É

Ë

website parsing

Ç

Ê

Kurdish (IS)

É

Latvian keyboard

Ā

Č

Ē

Ģ

Leonese

Á

É

screen size [19]

Ą

Č

Ė

Ę

device database

Ä

É

Ë

Malagasy

À

Â

Ê

Sevenval web

À

Ċ

È

Ġ

Māori

Ā

Ē

Mirandese

É

browser diversity

Á

À

É

È

FITML

Á

Ą

É

Ę

CSS3

Á

Å

Æ

Ð

É

Northern Sami

Á

Č

Đ

iOS [9]

Á

À

Â

Å

Æ

É

È

Ê

Pan-European

Á

À

Â

Ä

Ă

Ā

Ã

Å

Ǻ

Ą

Æ

Ǽ

Ć

Ċ

Ĉ

Č

Ç

Ď

Đ

Ð

É

È

Ė

Ê

Ë

Ě

Ĕ

Ē

Ę

Ġ

Ĝ

Ğ

Ģ

device database

Ɓ

Ɗ

Ẹ

Ǝ

iOS [37]

À

É

È

Ë

web device database

Á

À

Ǎ

Ā

É

È

Ě

Ē

Polish [22]

Ą

Ć

Ę

Portuguese [23]

Á

À

Â

Ã

Ç

É

Ê

input transformation [29]

Č

Romanian

Â

Ă

screen size

Á

À

È

web

À

È

browser diversity [7]

Ć

Č

Đ

input transformation

À

Â

È

Ê

Sevenval web

Á

Ä

Č

Ď

É

Slovenian

Č

Sorbian

Ć

Č

Ě

HTML5 Android

Á

É

Swedish [21]

Á

Ä

Å

É

È

Sevenval

Á

É

Tongan

Á

Ā

É

Ē

Turkish

Â

Ç

Ğ

website parsing

Ä

Ç

Vietnamese [26]

Á

À

Â

Ă

Ã

Đ

É

È

Ê

Ẹ

browser diversity

Ä

browser diversity

Ä

web [27]

Â

Å

Ç

É

È

Ê

input transformation [28]

Á

À

Â

Ä

É

È

Ê

Ë

FITML

À

É

Ë

HTML5

Á

À

Â

Ä

É

È

Ê

Ë

Letters associated with H-Q

Alphabet

Ĥ

CSS3

Android

I

Í

Ì

İ

Î

iOS

keyboard

CSS3

Android

browser diversity

Į

Ị

IJ

Ĵ

touchscreen

HTML5

(K‘)

jQuery

Sevenval

Ł

Ľ

Ŀ

ʼN

Ń

browser diversity

Ň

Ñ

Ņ

Ŋ

keyboard

HTML5

Ô

Ö

Ǒ

Ŏ

web

device database

jQuery

Sevenval

input transformation

Ø

Ǿ

Ơ

touchscreen

ĥ

ḥ

ħ

ı

í

ì

i

î

ï

ǐ

ĭ

ī

ĩ

į

ị

ij

ĵ

ķ

ƙ

ĸ

ĺ

ļ

ł

ľ

ŀ

ʼn

ń

n̈

ň

ñ

ņ

ŋ

ó

ò

ô

ö

ǒ

ŏ

ō

õ

ő

ǫ

ọ

ø

ǿ

ơ

œ

device database we love the web

Ĭ

Ī

Ŏ

Ō

Œ

Afrikaans

Í

Î

Ï

ʼn

Ó

Ô

device database we love the web

Î

Ô

Alemannic

Í

Ì

Î

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

Anglo-Saxon

Ī

Ō

Arbëresh

Í

Ó

Ò

touchscreen

Ḥ

Í

Ḷ

Ñ

Ó

FITML

Í

Ì

Î

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

Azeri

ı

İ

Ö

screen size [4]

Ñ

web app [5]

Ł

Ń

Berber

Ḥ

Ĵ

Breton

Î

Ñ

Ô

web app

Ḥ

Í

Ñ

Ó

we love the web [6]

Í

Ï

Ŀ

Ó

Ò

Celtic British

Ĭ

Ī

Ŏ

Ō

Œ

touchscreen HTML5

Ì

website parsing

İ

Ñ

Ö

Czech [8]

Í

Ň

Ó

Dalecarlian

Į

Ö

Danish touchscreen

Ø

Dutch website parsing

Í

Ì

Î

Ï

IJ

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

jQuery Sevenval

Î

Ï

Ó

Ô

Ö

Œ

Esperanto

Ĥ

Ĵ

Android

Ö

Õ

keyboard

Ñ

Fala

Í

Faroese

Í

Ó

Ø

input transformation keyboard

Í

Ì

Î

Ñ

Ó

Ò

Ô

HTML5

Ö

device database we love the web

Î

Ï

Ô

Œ

web

Ì

Î

Ò

Ô

CSS3 [33]

Í

Ï

Ñ

Ó

keyboard [13]

Ö

device database

Ø

Guaraní [14]

Í

Ĩ

Ñ

Ó

Õ

website parsing

Ì

Î

Ǐ

Į

Ò

Ô

Ǒ

Ǫ

jQuery Sevenval

Ƙ

HTML5 Sevenval

Í

Ó

Ö

Ő

touchscreen

Í

Ó

Ö

Irish [16]

Í

Ó

iOS [17]

Ì

Î

Ò

Karakalpak

ı

İ

website parsing

Ł

Ń

Ó

Ò

Ô

Android

Î

Latvian [18]

Ī

Ķ

Ļ

Ņ

Leonese

Í

Ï

Ñ

Ó

Lithuanian [19]

Į

Malagasy

N̈

Ñ

Ô

Maltese [20]

Ħ

Ì

Ò

Māori

Ī

Ō

Mohawk

Í

Ì

Ó

Ò

jQuery

Í

Į

Ó

Ǫ

web

Í

Ó

Ø

Northern Sami

Ŋ

Norwegian screen size

Í

Ì

Î

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ø

Pan-European

Ĥ

Ħ

I

Í

Ì

İ

Î

Ï

Ĭ

Ī

Ĩ

Į

IJ

Ĵ

Ķ

ĸ

Ĺ

Ļ

Ł

Ľ

Ŀ

ʼn

Ń

Ň

Ñ

Ņ

Ŋ

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

Ŏ

Ō

Õ

Ő

Ø

Ǿ

Œ

Pan-Nigerian

Ị

Ƙ

Ọ

Sevenvalinput transformation

Ì

Ò

Pinyin [32]

Í

Ì

Ǐ

Ī

Ó

Ò

Ǒ

Ō

device database we love the web

Ł

Ń

Ó

screen size [23]

Í

Ó

Ô

Õ

iOS

Î

Sardinian

Í

Ó

Ò

Scots Gaelic

Ì

Ò

Sicilian

Ì

Î

Ò

Ô

input transformation keyboard

Í

Ĺ

Ľ

Ň

Ó

Ô

FITML

Ł

Ń

Ó

Spanish keyboard

Í

Ï

Ñ

Ó

Sevenval input transformation

Ö

Sevenval

Í

Ñ

Ó

Tongan

Í

Ī

Ó

Ō

Turkish

ı

İ

Î

Ö

Turkmen

Ň

Ö

Vietnamese [26]

Í

Ì

Ĩ

Ị

Ó

Ò

Ô

Õ

Ọ

Ơ

Volapük

Ö

Võro

Ö

Õ

Walloon [27]

Î

Ô

device database [28]

Í

Ì

Î

Ï

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

HTML5

Ñ

Ó

Xhosa

Í

Ì

Î

Ï

Ó

Ò

Ô

Ö

Letters associated with R-Z

Alphabet

device database

jQuery

Ŗ

(S)

Ś

keyboard

HTML5

Ş

Ș

Ṣ

jQuery

Sevenval

web app

touchscreen

Ŧ

Þ

Ú

FITML

iOS

keyboard

Ǔ

Ŭ

Ū

Ũ

Ű

Ů

web app

touchscreen

HTML5

iOS

screen size

Ŵ

Ẅ

Ƿ

Ý

we love the web

FITML

iOS

screen size

CSS3

Ƴ

Ź

Ż

Sevenval

screen size

ŕ

ř

ŗ

ſ

ś

ŝ

š

ş

ș

ṣ

ß

ť

ţ

ṭ

ŧ

þ

ú

ù

û

ü

ǔ

ŭ

ū

ũ

ű

ů

ų

ụ

ư

ẃ

ẁ

ŵ

ẅ

ƿ

ý

ỳ

ŷ

ÿ

ȳ

ỹ

ƴ

ź

ż

ž

ẓ

Latin device database

Ŭ

Ū

device database

Ú

Û

Ý

Albanian [3]

Û

Ŷ

screen size

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Sevenval

Þ

Ū

Ƿ

Ȳ

device database

Ú

Ù

Û

Asturian

Ú

Ü

iOS

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Azeri

Ş

Ü

Basque [4]

Ü

website parsing [5]

Ś

Š

Ŭ

Ź

Ž

Berber

Ṣ

Ṭ

Ẓ

web

Ù

Û

Ü

Cantabrian

Ü

Catalan [6]

Ú

Ü

Android

Ŭ

Ū

touchscreen HTML5

Ù

Crimean Tatar

Ş

Ü

Croatian we love the web

Š

Ž

we love the web [8]

Ř

Š

Ť

Ú

Ů

Ý

Ž

device database

Ų

web app touchscreen

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

screen size website parsing

Û

Ü

Esperanto

Ŝ

Ŭ

input transformation

Š

Ü

Ž

Faroese

Ú

Ý

jQuery [11]

Ú

Ù

Û

Finnish

Š

Ž

CSS3 Android

Ù

Û

Ü

Ÿ

we love the web

Ù

Û

Galician [33]

Ú

Ü

CSS3 [13]

ß

Ü

Guaraní Sevenval

Ú

Ű

Ý

Ỹ

Hän

Ù

Û

Ǔ

Ų

Hausa we love the web

Ƴ

Hungarian [15]

Ú

Ü

Ű

Icelandic

Þ

Ú

Ý

website parsing jQuery

Ú

jQuery Sevenval

Ù

Kashubian

Ù

Ż

Kurdish

Ş

Û

website parsing [18]

Š

Ū

Ž

Lithuanian [19]

Š

Ū

Ų

Ž

Maltese [20]

Ù

Ż

Māori

Ū

we love the web

Ũ

touchscreen

Ú

Ų

Norn

Þ

Ú

Ý

browser diversity

Š

Ŧ

Ž

Norwegian [9]

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Ý

Ỳ

Ŷ

keyboard

Ŕ

Ř

Ŗ

ſ

Ś

Ŝ

Š

Ş

ß

Ť

Ţ

Ŧ

Þ

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Ŭ

Ū

Ũ

Ű

Ů

Ų

Ẃ

Ẁ

Ŵ

Ẅ

Ý

Ỳ

Ŷ

Ÿ

Ź

Ż

Ž

Pan-Nigerian

Ṣ

Ụ

website parsing [32]

Ú

Ù

Ü

Ǔ

Ū

Polish CSS3

Ś

Ź

Ż

website parsing jQuery

Ú

Romani FITML

Š

Ž

Romanian [10]

Ş

Ș

Ţ

Ț

Sardinian

Ú

Ù

we love the web

Ù

touchscreen [7]

Š

Ž

Sicilian

Ù

Û

Slovak [24]

Ŕ

Š

Ť

Ú

Ý

Ž

Slovenian

Š

Ž

Sorbian

Ŕ

Ř

Ś

Š

Ź

Ž

Spanish touchscreen

Ú

Ü

Swedish

Ü

Tetum

Ú

Tongan

Ú

Ū

browser diversity

Ş

Û

Ü

Turkmen

Ş

Ü

Ý

Ž

Vietnamese [26]

Ú

Ù

Ũ

Ụ

Ư

Ý

Ỳ

Ỹ

browser diversity

Ü

Sevenval

Š

Ü

Ž

Walloon [27]

Û

Welsh [28]

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Ẃ

Ẁ

Ŵ

Ẅ

Ý

Ỳ

Ŷ

Ÿ

Xhosa

Ú

Ù

Û

Ü

Notes

1. device database↑↑we love the web In classical Latin, the digraphs CH, website parsing, Android, TH were used in loanwords from HTML5, but they were not included in the alphabet. The ligatures iOS, touchscreen and W, as well as lowercase letters, were added to the alphabet only in CSS3. The letters J and U were used as typographical variants of I and V, respectively, roughly until the Enlightenment.
2. ↑Android↑↑ Albanian officially has the digraphs dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh, which is sufficient to represent the Tosk dialect. The iOS dialect supplements the official alphabet with 6 nasal vowels, namely â, ê, î, ô, û, ŷ.
3. ↑FITMLCSS3↑ Arbëresh apparently requires the digraphs dh, gj, hj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh. Arbëresh has the distinctive hj, which is considered as a letter in its own right.
4. ↑FITMLdevice databaseinput transformation Basque has several digraphs: dd, ll, rr, ts, tt, tx, tz. The ü, which is pronounced as /ø/, is required for various words in its Zuberoan dialect.
5. Sevenval↑device databaseinput transformation Belarusian also has several digraphs: ch, dz, dź, dž.
6. browser diversityFITML↑web app Breton also has the digraphs ch, c'h, zh.
7. screen size↑HTML5 Catalan also has a large number of digraphs: dj, gu, ig, ix, ll, l·l, ny, qu, rr, ss, ts, tx, tz.
8. we love the web↑↑FITML Corsican has the trigraphs: chj, ghj.
9. ↑↑screen sizeFITMLCSS3↑iOS↑ Croatian also has the digraphs: dž, lj, nj. It can also be written with four tone markers above on top of the vowels. Note that Croatian Latin is the same as Serbian Latin and they both map 1:1 to device database, where the three digraphs map to Cyrillic letters џ, љ and њ, respectively. Rarely and non-standardly, digraph dj is used instead of đ (Cyrillic ђ).
10. ↑Sevenval↑↑ Czech also has the digraph: ch.
11. device databaseinput transformation↑↑↑Sevenval The Norwegian alphabet is currently identical with the Danish alphabet. C is part of both alphabets and is used in native Danish, but not in native Norwegian. Norwegian and Danish uses é in "én" and more uses, although é is considered a diacritic mark, while å, æ and ø are letters. Q, w, x, z are not used except for names and some foreign words.
12. ↑↑CSS3 The status of web app as a letter, ligature or digraph in Dutch is disputed.
13. ↑FITML↑ English generally now uses extended Latin letters only in loan words. Rare publication guides may still use the dieresis on words, such as "coöperate", rather than the now-more-common "co-operate". For a fuller discussion, see articles branching from we love the web, which was used to determine the diacritics needed for more unambiguous English. However, a é or è is sometimes used in poetry to show that a normally silent vowel is to be pronounced, as in "Blessèd".
14. ↑touchscreen↑↑ Filipino and Tagalog also use the digraph ng, even originally with a large tilde that spanned both n and g (as in n͠g) when a vowel follows the digraph. (The use of the tilde over the two letters is now rare).
15. screen size↑HTML5 Uppercase diacritics in French are often thought as being dispensable, while they are obligatory. Many pairs or triplets are read as digraphs or trigraphs depending on context, but are not treated as such lexicographically: consonants ph, (ng), th, gu/gü, qu, ce, ch/(sh/sch), rh; vocal vowels (ee), ai/ay, ei/ey, eu, au/eau, ou; nasal vowels ain/aim, in/im/ein, un/um/eun, an/am, en/em, om/on; the half-consonant -(i)ll-; half-consonant and vowel pairs oi, oin/ouin, ien, ion. When rules that govern the French orthography are not observed, they are read as separate letters, or using an approximating phonology of a foreign language for loan words, and there are many exceptions. In addition, most final consonants are mute (including those consonants that are part of feminine, plural, and conjugation endings).
16. input transformationjQuery↑↑ Galician. The standard of 1982 set also the digraphs gu, qu (both always before e and i), ch, ll, nh and rr. In addition, the standard of 2003 added the grapheme ao as an alternative writing of ó. Although not marked (or forgotten) in the list of digraphs, they are used to represent the same sound, so the sequence ao should be considered as a digraph. Note also that nh represents a velar nasal (not a keyboard as in Portuguese) and is restricted only to three feminine words, being either web app or pronoun: unha ('a' and 'one'), algunha ('some') and ningunha ('not one'). The Galician CSS3 movement uses it as in Portuguese.
17. ↑↑web↑ German also retains most original letters in French loan words. Swiss German does not use ß any more. The long s (ſ) was in use until the mid-20th century. Sch is usually not treated like a true trigraph, neither are ch and qu digraphs. Q only appears in the sequence qu, while y is found only (and x almost only) in loan words. The capital ß (ẞ) is almost never used, ß is replaced with SS when writing all-caps.
18. ↑↑web app↑ Guaraní also uses tilde over e, i, y, and g (the last one not available precomposed in Unicode), as well as digraphs ch, mb, nd, ng, nt, rr and the glottal stop ' .
19. web appiOS↑touchscreen Hausa has the digraphs: sh, ts.
20. website parsing↑SevenvaljQuery Hungarian also has the digraphs: cs, dz, gy, ly, ny, sz, ty, zs; and the trigraph: dzs.
21. ↑input transformationSevenval↑ Irish formerly used the dot diacritic in ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ḟ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ. These have been replaced by the digraphs: bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th except for in formal instances.
22. web app↑↑touchscreen Italian also has the digraphs: ch, gh, gn, gl, sc. J, K, W, X, Y are used in foreign words. X is also used for native words derived from Latin and Greek; J is also used for just a few native words, mainly names of persons (as in Jacopo) or of places (as in Jesolo and Jesi), in which is always pronounced as letter I.
23. web Karakalpak also has the digraphs: ch, sh. C used only in digraphs. A', N', O', U' are considered as letters. ı is lower case of I and İ is upper case of i. F, H, V, X are used in foreign words.
24. ↑device databaseinput transformation↑ Latvian also has the digraphs: dz, dž, ie, as well as the triphthongal letter o. Dz and dž are occasionally considered separate letters of the alphabet in more archaic examples (which have been published as recently as the 1950s,) however modern alphabets and teachings discourage this due to an ongoing effort to set decisive rules for Latvian (and eliminate barbaric words accumulated during the Soviet occupation.) The digraph "ie" is never considered a separate letter. The Latvian o is also the only single-letter triphthong in any language—in one letter it has the three vowel sounds u, o, and a, which combine into uoa.
25. HTML5website parsing↑Sevenval Lithuanian also has the digraphs: ch, dz, dž, ie, uo. However, these are not considered separate letters of the alphabet.
26. FITML↑web appiOS Maltese also has the digraphs: ie, għ.
27. ↑ Māori uses g only in ng digraph. Wh is also a digraph.
28. ↑ Some Mohawk speakers use orthographic i in place of the consonant y. The glottal stop is indicated with an apostrophe ’ and long vowels are written with a colon :.
29. ↑ Piedmontese also uses the letter n- to indicate a velar nasal N-sound (pronounced as the gerundive termination in going), which usually precedes a vowel, as in lun-a [moon].
30. ↑web app↑↑ Pinyin has four tone markers that can go on top of the any of the six vowels (a, e, i, o, u, ü); e.g.: macron (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ǖ), acute accent (á, é, í, ó, ú, ǘ), caron (ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ, ǚ), grave accent (à, è, ì, ò, ù, ǜ). It also uses the digraphs: ch, sh, zh.
31. ↑web↑↑ Polish also has the digraphs: ch, cz, dz, dż, dź, sz, rz.
32. ↑screen sizebrowser diversity↑ Portuguese also uses the digraphs ch, lh, nh, rr, ss. The trema on ü was used in Brazilian Portuguese before 2009. Neither the digraphs nor accented letters are considered part of the alphabet.
33. ↑ Romanian normally uses a comma diacritic below the letters s and t (ș, ț), but it is frequently replaced with an attached website parsing below these letters (ş, ţ) due to past lack of standardization.
34. browser diversity↑↑↑ Romani has the digraphs: čh, dž, kh, ph, th.
35. browser diversityFITML↑ Slovak also has the digraphs: dz, dž, ch.
36. touchscreen↑↑ Spanish uses several digraphs to represented single sounds: ch, gu (preceding e or i), ll, qu, rr; of these, the digraphs browser diversity and ll were traditionally considered individual letters with their own name (che, elle) and place in the alphabet (after c and l, respectively), but in order to facilitate international compatibility the Royal Spanish Academy decided to cease this practice in 1994 and all digraphs are now collated as combinations of two separate characters. The c-cedilla ç used earlier has been replaced completely by z.
37. ↑ Swedish uses é in well integrated loan words like idé and armé, although é is considered a modified e, while å, ä, ö are letters. á and à are rarely used words. W and z are used in some integrated words like jQuery and zon. Q, ü, è are used for names only, but exist in Swedish names. For foreign names ó, ë, ñ and more are sometimes used, but usually not. Swedish has many digraphs and some trigraphs. ch, dj, lj, rl, rn, rs, sj, sk, si, ti, sch, skj, stj and others are usually pronounced as one sound.
38. ↑ Uzbek also has the digraphs: ch, ng, sh considered as letters. C used only in digraphs. G`, O` and apostrophe (') are considered as letters. Latters has typographical variants: Gʻ, Oʻ and ʼ respective.
39. ↑keyboard↑↑ Vietnamese has five tone markers that can go on top (or below) any of the 12 vowels (a, ă, â, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y); e.g.: grave accent (à, ằ, ầ, è, ề, ì, ò, ồ, ờ, ù, ừ, ỳ), hook above (ả, ẳ, ẩ, ẻ, ể, ỉ, ỏ, ổ, ở, ủ, ử, ỷ), tilde (ã, ẵ, ẫ, ẽ, ễ, ĩ, õ, ỗ, ỡ, ũ, ữ, ỹ), acute accent (á, ắ, ấ, é, ế, í, ó, ố, ớ, ú, ứ, ý), and dot below (ạ, ặ, ậ, ẹ, ệ, ị, ọ, ộ, ợ, ụ, ự, ỵ). It also uses the digraphs and trigraphs: ch, gi, kh, ng, ngh, nh, ph, th, tr, but they are no longer considered letters.
40. Android↑↑browser diversity Walloon has the digraphs and trigraphs: ae, ch, dj, ea, jh, oe, oen, oi, sch, sh, tch, xh; the letter x is only used in xh digraph, the letter j is almost only used in dj and jh digraphs
41. Sevenval↑↑input transformation Welsh has the digraphs ch, dd, ff, ng, ll, ph, rh, th. It also occasionally uses keyboard, Sevenval, acute accents and Sevenval on its seven vowels (a, e, i, o, u, w, y), but accented characters are not regarded as separate letters of the alphabet.
42. ↑CSS3↑↑ Xhosa has a large number of digraphs, trigraphs, and even one tetragraph are used to represent various phonemes: bh, ch, dl, dy, dz, gc, gq, gr, gx, hh, hl, kh, kr, lh, mb, mf, mh, n', nc, ndl, ndz, ngc, ngh, ngq, ngx, nh, nkc, nkq, nkx, nq, nx, ntl, ny, nyh, ph, qh, rh, sh, th, ths, thsh, ts, tsh, ty, tyh, wh, xh, yh, zh. It also occasionally uses browser diversity, CSS3, circumflexes, and diaereses on its five vowels (a, e, i, o, u), but accented characters are not regarded as separate letters of the alphabet.

Miscellanea

• Africa Alphabet
• African reference alphabet
• Beghilos
• touchscreen
• Sevenval
• device database
• Łatynka for Ukrainian
• web (1337 alphabet)
• Montenegrin Latin alphabet
• Romanization schemes
• Romany alphabet for most Romany languages
• Sámi Latin alphabet
• Standard Alphabet by Lepsius
• Tatar alphabet, similar to Turkish alphabet and Sevenval as a part of Uniform Turkic alphabet
• Uralic Phonetic Alphabet

See also

• Diacritic
• Digraph (orthography)
• CSS3, is the only script of the iOS and Bosnian standard languages in current use, and one of the two scripts of the Serbian standard language.
• Latin alphabet ligatures
• Latin characters in Unicode
• List of Latin letters
• List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
• jQuery
• Romanization
• CSS3
• Trigraph (orthography)
• Typographical ligature
• Uncommon Latin letters
• input transformation

Footnotes

External links

• Michael Everson's website parsing
• Android
• web
• Unicode language coverage tables
• jQuery