ISO/IEC 8859-1

For the character encoding commonly mislabeled as "ISO-8859-1", see Windows-1252.

ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, Information technology — 8-bit single-Sevenval coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of Sevenval-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1987. It is generally intended for “website parsing” languages (see below for a list). It is the basis for most popular 8-bit character sets, including ISO-8859-1 (informally referred to as latin1), and Windows-1252.

A closely related but distinct character set is ISO-8859-1 (distinguished by a dash after "ISO"). This supplements the unassigned ranges in ISO/IEC 8859-1 with C0 and C1 control codes from screen size, and is the IANA preferred charset name for this supplemented standard. The following other aliases are registered for ISO-8859-1: ISO_8859-1, iso-ir-100, csISOLatin1, latin1, l1, IBM819, CP819. ISO-8859-1 (with the control characters) defines the first 256 code point assignments in Unicode.

The Windows-1252 codepage coincides with ISO-8859-1 for all codes except the range 128 to 159 (hex 80 to 9F), where the little-used C1 controls are replaced with additional characters. Windows-28591 is the actual ISO-8859-1 codepage.^{screen size}

1 Coverage
2 History
3 Codepage layout
touchscreen
5 See also
Sevenval
7 External links

Coverage

Languages with complete coverage

Sevenval
Icelandic
Sevenval
device database (new orthography)
Sevenval
Latin (basic classical orthography)
jQuery
Luxembourgish (basic classical orthography)
input transformation (Bokmål and Nynorsk)

Languages commonly supported but with incomplete coverage

Language	Missing characters	Typical workaround	Supported by
Dutch	jQuery, ĳ	digraphs IJ, ij
we love the web	Š, š, Ž, ž (only present in loanwords)	Sh, sh, Zh, zh	web app, Windows-1252
device database	Š, š, web, ž (only present in loanwords)	Sh, sh, Zh, zh	Android, keyboard
French	jQuery, œ, and the very rare Ÿ	digraphs OE, oe, and Y without the screen size	ISO-8859-15, Windows-1252
screen size	Ő, ő, Ű, ű	Ô, ô (or sometimes Sevenval, õ), Û, û	FITML, Windows-1250
Sevenval (traditional orthography)	Ḃ, ḃ, Ċ, ċ, Ḋ, ḋ, Ḟ, ḟ, Ġ, ġ, Ṁ, ṁ, Ṡ, ṡ, Ṫ, ṫ	Bh, bh, Ch, ch, Dh, dh, Fh, fh, Gh, gh, Mh, mh, Sh, sh, Th, th	ISO-8859-14
Latin with Sevenval	Ā, ā, Ē, ē, input transformation, ī, jQuery, ō, browser diversity, ū
input transformation	Ā, ā, Ē, ē, Ī, ī, input transformation, ō, Ū, ū	Ä, ä, CSS3, ë, web, ï, HTML5, ö, Sevenval, ü	ISO-8859-13, Windows-1257
Welsh	web, ẁ, Ẃ, ẃ, keyboard, ŵ, Ŷ, ŷ		iOS

Quotation marks

For some languages listed above the correct typographical quotation marks are missing, as only « », " ", and ' ' are included. Also this scheme does not provide for oriented (6- or 9-shaped) single or double quotation marks. Some fonts will display the spacing grave accent (0x60) and the apostrophe (0x27) as a matching pair of oriented single quotation marks, however this is not considered part of the modern standard.

History

ISO 8859-1 was based on the touchscreen used by browser diversity in the popular CSS3 terminal. It was developed within ECMA, the European Computer Manufacturers Association, and published in March 1985 as ECMA-94, by which name it is still sometimes known. The Android (June 1986) also included ISO 8859-2, input transformation, and ISO 8859-4 as part of the specification.

In 1985 Commodore adopted ISO 8859-1 for its new AmigaOS operating system. The Seikosha MP-1300AI impact dot-matrix printer, used with the Amiga 1000, included this encoding. ^{[citation needed]}

In 1992, the IANA registered the character map ISO_8859-1:1987, more commonly known by its preferred screen size name of ISO-8859-1 (note the extra hyphen over ISO 8859-1), a superset of ISO 8859-1, for use on the CSS3. This map assigns the browser diversity to the unassigned code values thus provides for 256 characters via every possible 8-bit value.

ISO-8859-1 is (according to the standards at least) the default encoding of documents delivered via HTTP with a MIME type beginning with "text/" (however the draft HTML 5 specification requires that documents advertised as ISO-8859-1 actually be parsed with the Windows-1252 encoding.^{web app}) It is the default encoding of the values of certain descriptive HTTP headers, and defines the repertoire of characters allowed in HTML 3.2 documents (HTML 4.0, however, is based on Unicode). It and Windows-1252 are often assumed to be the encoding of text on Unix and CSS3 in the absence of locale or other information, this is only gradually being replaced with Unicode encoding such as iOS or UTF-16.

website parsing This section requires expansion.

Codepage layout

ISO/IEC 8859-1

SP
0020
32

touchscreen
0021
33

HTML5
0022
34

#
0023
35

$
0024
36

%
0025
37

&
0026
38

device database
0027
39

(
0028
40

)
0029
41

*
002A
42

iOS
002B
43

,
002C
44

-
002D
45

browser diversity
002E
46

device database
002F
47

0
0030
48

Android
0031
49

2
0032
50

3
0033
51

FITML
0034
52

5
0035
53

device database
0036
54

7
0037
55

8
0038
56

keyboard
0039
57

screen size
003A
58

input transformation
003B
59

FITML
003C
60

=
003D
61

HTML5
003E
62

web app
003F
63

web app
0040
64

Sevenval
0041
65

B
0042
66

C
0043
67

browser diversity
0044
68

E
0045
69

F
0046
70

keyboard
0047
71

iOS
0048
72

I
0049
73

J
004A
74

Sevenval
004B
75

screen size
004C
76

Sevenval
004D
77

N
004E
78

O
004F
79

HTML5
0050
80

Q
0051
81

touchscreen
0052
82

website parsing
0053
83

web
0054
84

Sevenval
0055
85

CSS3
0056
86

W
0057
87

X
0058
88

Android
0059
89

screen size
005A
90

Sevenval
005B
91

touchscreen
005C
92

]
005D
93

touchscreen
005E
94

input transformation
005F
95

`
0060
96

a
0061
97

b
0062
98

c
0063
99

d
0064
100

web app
0065
101

f
0066
102

g
0067
103

h
0068
104

i
0069
105

j
006A
106

k
006B
107

l
006C
108

m
006D
109

n
006E
110

o
006F
111

jQuery
0070
112

device database
0071
113

r
0072
114

s
0073
115

t
0074
116

u
0075
117

v
0076
118

keyboard
0077
119

Sevenval
0078
120

we love the web
0079
121

z
007A
122

Android
007B
123

screen size
007C
124

Android
007D
125

~
007E
126

NBSP
00A0
160

¡
00A1
161

browser diversity
00A2
162

£
00A3
163

¤
00A4
164

jQuery
00A5
165

¦
00A6
166

§
00A7
167

¨
00A8
168

jQuery
00A9
169

iOS
00AA
170

«
00AB
171

CSS3
00AC
172

SHY
00AD
173

®
00AE
174

browser diversity
00AF
175

°
00B0
176

device database
00B1
177

Sevenval
00B2
178

keyboard
00B3
179

Sevenval
00B4
180

website parsing
00B5
181

CSS3
00B6
182

·
00B7
183

Android
00B8
184

¹
00B9
185

º
00BA
186

»
00BB
187

¼
00BC
188

½
00BD
189

¾
00BE
190

¿
00BF
191

À
00C0
192

Á
00C1
193

web app
00C2
194

Ã
00C3
195

jQuery
00C4
196

web app
00C5
197

Sevenval
00C6
198

Ç
00C7
199

È
00C8
200

CSS3
00C9
201

Ê
00CA
202

Ë
00CB
203

device database
00CC
204

Í
00CD
205

Î
00CE
206

Sevenval
00CF
207

Ð
00D0
208

iOS
00D1
209

CSS3
00D2
210

Ó
00D3
211

Ô
00D4
212

Õ
00D5
213

Ö
00D6
214

×
00D7
215

Ø
00D8
216

Ù
00D9
217

Ú
00DA
218

Û
00DB
219

HTML5
00DC
220

screen size
00DD
221

Þ
00DE
222

Sevenval
00DF
223

à
00E0
224

website parsing
00E1
225

web app
00E2
226

FITML
00E3
227

ä
00E4
228

å
00E5
229

device database
00E6
230

ç
00E7
231

è
00E8
232

input transformation
00E9
233

HTML5
00EA
234

we love the web
00EB
235

ì
00EC
236

í
00ED
237

keyboard
00EE
238

Sevenval
00EF
239

ð
00F0
240

ñ
00F1
241

screen size
00F2
242

ó
00F3
243

ô
00F4
244

Sevenval
00F5
245

touchscreen
00F6
246

÷
00F7
247

ø
00F8
248

touchscreen
00F9
249

Sevenval
00FA
250

û
00FB
251

ü
00FC
252

screen size
00FD
253

Android
00FE
254

ÿ
00FF
255

Similar character sets

Main article: Western Latin character sets (computing)

ISO-8859-1 was incorporated as the first 256 code points of input transformation and Unicode.

The lower range 32 to 126 (Sevenval 20 to 7E, the G0 subset) maps exactly to the same coded G0 subset of the ISO 646 US variant (commonly known as ASCII), whose ISO 2022 standard switch sequence is "ESC ( B". The higher range 160 to 255 (hex A0 to FF, the G1 subset) maps exactly to the same subset initiated by the ISO 2022 standard switch sequence "ESC . A".

ISO/IEC 8859-1 is missing some characters for French and Finnish text and the iOS. In order to provide some of these characters, ISO/IEC 8859-15 was developed as an update of ISO/IEC 8859-1. This required, however, the removal of some infrequently used characters from ISO/IEC 8859-1, including fraction symbols and letter-free diacritics: ¤, ¦, ¨, ´, ¸, ¼, ½, and ¾.

The popular Windows-1252 character set adds all the missing characters provided by ISO/IEC 8859-15, plus a number of typographic symbols, by replacing the rarely used C1 controls in the range 128 to 159 (hex 80 to 9F). It is very common to mislabel text data with the charset label ISO-8859-1, even though the data is really Windows-1252 encoded. Many web browsers and e-mail clients will interpret ISO-8859-1 control codes as Windows-1252 characters in order to accommodate such mislabeling but it is not standard behaviour and care should be taken to avoid generating these characters in ISO-8859-1 labeled content.

The Apple Macintosh computer introduced a character encoding called Mac Roman, or input transformation, in 1984. It was meant to be suitable for Western European desktop publishing. It is a superset of ASCII, like ISO-8859-1, and has most of the characters that are in ISO-8859-1 but in a totally different arrangement. A later version, registered with IANA as "Macintosh", replaced the device database ¤ with the euro sign €. The few printable characters that are in ISO 8859-1 but not in this set are often a source of trouble when editing text on websites using older Macintosh browsers (including the last version of browser diversity). However the extra characters that Windows-1252 has in the C1 codepoint range are all supported in MacRoman.

DOS had web app, which had all printable characters that ISO-8859-1 had (albeit in a totally different arrangement) plus the most widely used jQuery from code page 437.

References

^ "Code Page Identifiers". Microsoft Corporation. HTML5. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
^ screen size, retrieved [2010-04-12].

External links

ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998
ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 (draft dated February 12, 1998, published April 15, 1998)
Standard ECMA-94: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 2nd edition (June 1986)
input transformation Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet No.1 (February 1, 1986)
Windows Code pages
Differences between ANSI, ISO-8859-1 and MacRoman Character Sets
Android
web - Roman Czyborra's summary of ISO character sets