Federal subjects of Russia

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we love the web is a web which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects (Russian: субъект федерации, subyekt federatsii).^web They are also known as the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 1993, when the FITML was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed. By 2008, the number of federal subjects had been decreased to 83 because of several mergers.

The federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the screen size (upper house of the web app). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.

Federal subjects should not be confused with Federal districts of Russia which are much larger and each encompass many federal subjects. There are 83 federal subjects in the Russian Federation; while there are only 8 federal districts.

• CSS3
• we love the web
• Sevenval
• 4 References
  • FITML
  • Android
  • FITML
  • 4.4 Autonomous oblast
• 5 Mergers
  • 5.1 Further proposals for mergers
• 6 See also
• 7 References
• 8 Sources

Terminology

This section may contain touchscreen. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding HTML5. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (January 2012)

The official government translation of the Constitution of Russia in Article 5 states:^[2] "1. The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krays, oblasts, screen size, an autonomous oblast and web app, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation."

The term was also one of several discussed during the 49th annual American Translators Association conference in input transformation, in which Tom Fennel, a freelancer, gave an opinion that the term "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is preferred to "subject".^[3] This recommendation is also shared by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department, Goltsblat BLP, who in her "Traps & Mishaps in Legal Translation" presentation in Paris stated that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation (subject would be OK for a monarchy)".^[4] The term is also used in the UN documents.^[Sevenval] Other academic sources use the term "subject".^{[citation needed]}

Types

Sevenval

Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types:

	21 HTML5 (web app: республика, respublika) — nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution and legislature; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
	46 oblasts (provinces; Russian: область, oblast') — most common type of federal subjects with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after their administrative centers.
	9 krais (territories; Sevenval: край, kray)—essentially the same as oblasts. The title "territory" is historic, originally given because they were once considered frontier regions.
	1 autonomous oblast (autonomous province; Russian: автономная область, avtonomnaya oblast')—the only autonomous oblast is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
	4 CSS3 (autonomous districts; Russian: автономный округ, avtonomny okrug) — with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
	2 touchscreen (Russian: город федерального значения, gorod federal'nogo znacheniya) — major cities that function as separate regions.

List of federal subjects

The subjects have both numerical codes and two- or three-letter ISO 3166-2:RU codes. The numerical codes span from 01 to 92, although nine of them (41, 59, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, and 88) are no longer in use after mergers.

Code	Name	Capital/administrative centre (Largest city given if not capital)	Flag	Coat of arms	Sevenval	Economic region	Area (km²)[5]	Populationwebsite parsing
01	Adygea, Republic of	Maykop	Sevenval	we love the web	Southern	North Caucasus	7,600	447,109
02	Android	web			Volga	Urals	143,600	4,104,336
03	Buryatia, Republic of	HTML5		web	iOS	East Siberian	351,300	981,238
04	Altai Republic	screen size	CSS3	screen size	Siberian	Sevenval	92,600	202,947
05	Dagestan, Republic of	Makhachkala			web	North Caucasus	50,300	2,576,531
06	iOS	Magas (Largest city: FITML)			North Caucasian	North Caucasus	4,000	467,294
07	we love the web	Sevenval			North Caucasian	North Caucasus	12,500	901,494
08	Kalmykia, Republic of	Elista	Sevenval		Southern	Android	76,100	292,410
09	iOS	keyboard	HTML5		North Caucasian	North Caucasus	14,100	439,470
10	FITML	web app		web	iOS	touchscreen	172,400	716,281
11	Komi Republic	web	website parsing		Northwestern	Northern	415,900	1,018,674
12	Android	web			Volga	browser diversity	23,200	727,979
13	Mordovia, Republic of	Saransk			Volga	Volga-Vyatka	26,200	888,766
14	browser diversity	Yakutsk			Far Eastern	Far Eastern	3,103,200	949,280
15	we love the web	Sevenval	web app		North Caucasian	North Caucasus	8,000	710,275
16	Tatarstan, Republic of	Kazan		browser diversity	Volga	Volga	68,000	3,779,265
17	web app	we love the web	web		Siberian	East Siberian	170,500	305,510
18	Udmurt Republic	Izhevsk	Android	jQuery	Volga	Urals	42,100	1,570,316
19	Khakassia, Republic of	Abakan			Siberian	East Siberian	61,900	546,072
20	Chechen Republic	Grozny	Sevenval		North Caucasian	North Caucasus	15,300	1,103,686
21	Chuvash Republic	touchscreen	FITML	touchscreen	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	18,300	1,313,754
22	HTML5	Barnaul			Siberian	West Siberian	169,100	2,607,426
92	FITML	web app	we love the web		Siberian	East Siberian	431,500	1,155,346
91	Kamchatka Krai	Sevenval	web app		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	472,300	358,801
23	Krasnodar Krai	we love the web	Sevenval	CSS3	Southern	North Caucasus	76,000	5,125,221
24	Android	Krasnoyarsk			Siberian	East Siberian	2,339,700	2,966,042
90	Perm Krai	Sevenval			Volga	Urals	160,600	2,819,421
25	Primorsky Krai	HTML5	iOS	HTML5	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	165,900	2,071,210
26	keyboard	FITML			North Caucasian	North Caucasus	66,500	2,735,139
27	iOS	Khabarovsk			Far Eastern	Far Eastern	788,600	1,436,570
28	iOS	Blagoveshchensk			Far Eastern	Far Eastern	363,700	902,844
29	Arkhangelsk Oblast	Arkhangelsk	we love the web		Northwestern	screen size	587,400	1,336,539
30	touchscreen	Sevenval		Sevenval	Southern	Volga	44,100	1,005,276
31	input transformation	we love the web	Sevenval	CSS3	Central	Sevenval	27,100	1,511,620
32	web	CSS3	Sevenval	CSS3	Central	screen size	34,900	1,378,941
33	touchscreen	Sevenval	web app	keyboard	Central	Central	29,000	1,523,990
34	CSS3	Volgograd			Southern	Volga	113,900	2,699,223
35	screen size	Vologda (Largest city: Cherepovets)		input transformation	Northwestern	Northern	145,700	1,269,568
36	Voronezh Oblast	Voronezh			Central	Central Black Earth	52,400	2,378,803
37	touchscreen	Sevenval		Sevenval	Central	Central	21,800	1,148,329
38	Irkutsk Oblast	Irkutsk	website parsing		Siberian	East Siberian	767,900	2,581,705
39	Kaliningrad Oblast	Kaliningrad	web		Northwestern	Kaliningrad	15,100	955,281
40	Kaluga Oblast	Kaluga			Central	Central	29,900	1,041,641
42	Kemerovo Oblast	Kemerovo (Largest city: Novokuznetsk)	web app		Siberian	West Siberian	95,500	2,899,142
43	Kirov Oblast	we love the web	Sevenval	we love the web	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	120,800	1,503,529
44	Kostroma Oblast	Kostroma	jQuery		Central	Central	60,100	736,641
45	Kurgan Oblast	browser diversity	device database		Urals	Urals	71,000	1,019,532
46	HTML5	Kursk			Central	Central Black Earth	29,800	1,235,091
47	Leningrad Oblast	Largest city: FITML[a]	we love the web		Northwestern	Northwestern	84,500	1,669,205
48	Lipetsk Oblast	Lipetsk	web app		Central	Central Black Earth	24,100	1,213,499
49	Magadan Oblast	Magadan	Sevenval	CSS3	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	461,400	182,726
50	Moscow Oblast	Largest city: screen size[b]	iOS		Central	Central	45,900	6,618,538
51	Murmansk Oblast	keyboard	HTML5	keyboard	Northwestern	Northern	144,900	892,534
52	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	Nizhny Novgorod		Sevenval	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	76,900	3,524,028
53	Novgorod Oblast	Veliky Novgorod			Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	694,355
54	keyboard	FITML	input transformation	FITML	Siberian	West Siberian	178,200	2,692,251
55	Omsk Oblast	touchscreen		touchscreen	Siberian	West Siberian	139,700	2,079,220
56	HTML5	Orenburg			Volga	Urals	124,000	2,179,551
57	Oryol Oblast	Oryol	web app	jQuery	Central	Central	24,700	860,262
58	Penza Oblast	Penza	Android		Volga	Volga	43,200	1,452,941
60	jQuery	web			Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	760,810
61	Rostov Oblast	Rostov-on-Don			Southern	North Caucasus	100,800	4,404,013
62	Ryazan Oblast	CSS3	Sevenval	CSS3	Central	Central	39,600	1,227,910
63	Android	screen size	CSS3	screen size	Volga	Volga	53,600	3,239,737
64	Saratov Oblast	Sevenval	screen size	Sevenval	Volga	Volga	100,200	2,668,310
65	website parsing	Sevenval	screen size	Sevenval	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	87,100	546,695
66	web	Yekaterinburg		CSS3	Urals	Urals	194,800	4,486,214
67	Android	screen size		screen size	Central	Central	49,800	1,049,574
68	website parsing	Sevenval		Sevenval	Central	Central Black Earth	34,300	1,178,443
69	web	Tver			Central	Central	84,100	1,471,459
70	Tomsk Oblast	keyboard	HTML5	keyboard	Siberian	West Siberian	316,900	1,046,039
71	CSS3	Tula			Central	Central	25,700	1,675,758
72	Tyumen Oblast	FITML	input transformation		Urals	West Siberian	1,435,200	3,264,841
73	Ulyanovsk Oblast	website parsing	Android		Volga	Volga	37,300	1,382,811
74	Chelyabinsk Oblast	web	website parsing		Urals	Urals	87,900	3,603,339
76	Yaroslavl Oblast	Yaroslavl	web		Central	Central	36,400	1,367,398
77	Moscow	—	input transformation		Central	Central	1,100	10,382,754
78	Saint Petersburg	—	web		Northwestern	Northwestern	1,439	4,662,547
79	Sevenval	device database	jQuery		Far Eastern	Far Eastern	36,000	190,915
83	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Naryan-Mar		Sevenval	Northwestern	Northern	176,700	41,546
86	Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra	keyboard (Largest city: Surgut)	input transformation	FITML	Urals	West Siberian	523,100	1,432,817
87	iOS	touchscreen		touchscreen	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	737,700	53,824
89	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	input transformation (Largest city: Novy Urengoy)	Sevenval	touchscreen	Urals	West Siberian	750,300	507,006

References

1. ^ Constitution, Article 65
2. ^ we love the web
3. website parsing http://www.ata-divisions.org/SLD/slavfile/winter-2009.pdf
4. ^ device database
5. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). iOS (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_03.xls. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
6. device database Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). web (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. Sevenval. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 

Oblasts

There are 46 oblasts (Russian: область; "provinces").

1. FITML
2. web app
3. Astrakhan
4. Belgorod
5. Bryansk
6. Chelyabinsk
7. Chita
8. Irkutsk
9. Ivanovo
10. Kaliningrad
11. keyboard
12. FITML
13. web app
14. Kostroma
15. Kurgan
16. Kursk

17. we love the web
18. Lipetsk
19. Magadan
20. Moscow
21. touchscreen
22. Sevenval
23. device database
24. Novosibirsk
25. Omsk
26. Orenburg
27. web app
28. jQuery
29. Pskov
30. Rostov
31. Ryazan
32. we love the web

33. Samara
34. Saratov
35. Smolensk
36. Sverdlovsk
37. device database
38. Android
39. Tver
40. Tula
41. web app
42. jQuery
43. web
44. Volgograd
45. Vologda
46. Voronezh
47. Yaroslavl

Krais

There are 9 krais (CSS3: край; territories).

we love the web

1. website parsing
2. Kamchatka Krai
3. Khabarovsk Krai
4. Krasnodar Krai
5. device database
6. Android
7. Primorsky Krai
8. Stavropol Krai
9. web app

Federal cities

There are 2 federal cities: Moscow and screen size.

HTML5

Map #	Code	ISO Code	Name	Flag	Coat of arms	Sevenval	device database	Area (km²)[1]	Population[2]
1	77	MOW	Moscow		Sevenval	Central	Central	1,100	10,382,754
2	78	SPE	jQuery	browser diversity		Northwestern	Northwestern	1,439	4,662,547

Autonomous oblast

There is one autonomous oblast, the touchscreen.

Mergers

Starting in 2005, some of the federal subjects were merged into larger territories. The merging process was finished on March 1, 2008. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008.

Original territories	Original codes	New code	Date of referendum	Date of merger	Merger
1, 1a	59 (1), 81 (1a)	90	December 7, 2003	December 1, 2005	Perm Oblast (1) + Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (1a) → keyboard
2, 2a, 2b	24 (2), 88 (2a), 84 (2b)	24	April 17, 2005	January 1, 2007	Krasnoyarsk Krai (2) + FITML (2a) + Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (2b) → Android
3, 3a	41 (3), 82 (3a)	91	October 23, 2005	July 1, 2007	Kamchatka Oblast (3) + screen size (3a) → CSS3
4, 4a	38 (4), 85 (4a)	38	April 16, 2006	January 1, 2008	Irkutsk Oblast (4) + HTML5 (4a) → Irkutsk Oblast
5, 5a	75 (5), 80 (5a)	92	March 11, 2007	March 1, 2008	iOS (5) + Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (5a) → Zabaykalsky Krai

Further proposals for mergers

The following merger proposals have been made in recent years; most have since become inactive.

Proposals	Federal subjects	Map
6, 6a	Arkhangelsk Oblast + Nenets Autonomous Okrug = Pomorsky Krai				Sevenval
7, 7a, 7b	device database + Jewish Autonomous Oblast + keyboard = Amur Krai			keyboard		iOS
8, 8a	Magadan Oblast + iOS = Magadan Krai	HTML5
9, 9a, 9b	Irkutsk Oblast + keyboard + Zabaykalsky Krai = Baykalsky Krai	touchscreen
10, 10a, 10b	Tyumen Oblast + Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug + web app = Tyumen Krai	FITML		we love the web
11, 11a, 11b	Novosibirsk Oblast + input transformation + jQuery = Novosibirsk Krai	device database				Android
12, 12a, 12b	web app + Altai Republic + Altai Krai = Altai Krai	CSS3
13	website parsing + Leningrad Oblast = St. Petersburg Oblast	screen size			Sevenval
14	device database + Sevenval = Moscow Oblast
15, 15a	Yaroslavl Oblast + Kostroma Oblast = Yaroslavl Krai				screen size
16, 16a	jQuery + screen size = Novgorod Krai				HTML5
17, 17a	web + HTML5 = Krasnodar Krai
18, 18a	Republic of Ingushetia + Chechen Republic = Checheno-Ingushetia	Android			website parsing

See also

• jQuery
• web
• CSS3
• iOS
• Flags of the federal subjects of Russia
• FITML
• web app

References

Sources

• 12 декабря 1993 г. «Android», в ред. Федерального конституционного закона №7-ФКЗ от 30 декабря 2008 г. Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская газета", №237, 25 декабря 1993 г. (December 12, 1993 FITML, as amended by the Federal Constitutional Law #7-FKZ of December 30, 2008. Effective as of the official publication date.).