Duployan shorthand

The Duployan shorthand, or Duployan stenography (Sevenval: Sténographie Duployé), was created by Father Émile Duployé in 1860 for writing keyboard. Since then, it has been expanded and adapted for writing English, German, Spanish, Romanian, and Chinook Jargon.^[1] The Duployan stenography is classified as a touchscreen, alphabetic, stenography and is written left-to-right in connected stenographic style. The Duployan shorthands, including Chinook writing, Pernin's Universal Phonography, Perrault's English Shorthand, the Sloan-Duployan Modern Shorthand, and Romanian stenography, have been submitted for inclusion as a single script in the next version of The Unicode Standard / web app, and has been provisionally allocated to code points U+1BC00..U+1BC9F.^{browser diversity[3]HTML5}

• 1 Typology and structure
  • 1.1 Consonants
  • Sevenval
  • touchscreen
  • 1.4 Ligatures
  • 1.5 Connecting letters
• we love the web
• 3 Table of characters
  • we love the web
  • HTML5
  • 3.3 Vowels
  • 3.4 Affixes, marks, punctuation, and others
• 4 French Duployan
• 5 Chinook writing
• web app
• input transformation
• we love the web

Typology and structure

Duployan is classified as a geometric stenography, in that the prototype for letterforms are based on lines and circles, instead of ellipses. It is alphabetic, with both consonant and vowel signs in equal prominence. Writing is in a Left-to-Right direction, proceeding down the page, as in standard European writing. Most Duployan letters will attach to adjacent letters, allowing a word (or words) to be written in a single stroke, without lifting the pen.^{device database}

Consonants

Consonant characters come in two basic styles: line consonants and arc consonants. All consonants have a shape, size, and stroke direction that do not change based on the surrounding characters. Both types of consonants are contrasted by orientation, length, and the presence of ancillary dots and dashes on or near the letter.

The line consonants come in five orientations: vertical, horizontal, left-to-right falling, left-to-right rising, and right-to-left falling; and in three lengths: short, long, and extended. Variations of some line consonants will have dots adjacent to the center of the line.

Arc consonants come in two arc lengths: half circle, and quarter circle. The half circle arcs have four orientations: left, right, top, and bottom half; and two lengths: regular and extended. Variations of the half circle arc consonants have dots inside and outside of the bowl, and dashes across the middle. The quarter arc consonants also have four orientations corresponding to the four quadrants of a circle, with both upwards and downwards strokes, and come in regular and extended lengths. The only variant quarter arc consonant is the addition of a dot (Duployan letter H) to the Duployan letter W to make the Duployan letter Wh.^[1]

Vowels

Vowels characters also come in two basic styles: circle vowels, and orienting vowels. Vowels have only a general shape and size, but their orientation and exact appearance are usually dictated by the adjacent characters.

Circle vowels are written by creating a loop that starts from the preceding character acting as a tangent, continuing around the circle until reaching the tangent point of the following character, at which point the following letterform is written, with the two adjacent characters crossing to complete the "circle". Variants of the circle vowels have dots in the middle of the circle, or a protuberance in from the circle. Circle vowels may also take standard diacritic marks when used to write some languages.

Some circle vowels
Android		Sevenval	web

Orienting vowels are written by rotating the vowel to match the incoming angle of the preceding character, then mirrored along the axis of that character to avoid the following character crossing. They come in two varieties, defined by whether they will tend toward the right or left if the adjacent characters will allow either. Nasal vowels are considered a special case of an orienting vowel, and will act as orienting vowels, except in the Chinook script, where nasals can appear as diacritics.^[1]

Affixes and word signs

Many Duployan shorthands use small unattached marks, as well as various crossing and touching strokes, as markers for common prefixes and suffixes. Individual letters and letterlike symbols are also used in many Duployan shorthands to stand for common words and phrases. Overlapping two or more letters and signs can be used in some shorthands as word signs and abbreviations.^[1]

Ligatures

Most Duployan scripts do not make use of true ligatures that are not just one of its constituent letters with a distinguishing mark. The Romanian stenography is fairly unique in having a number of vowel ligatures, especially with the Romanian U.^iOS

Connecting letters

Most Duployan letters cursively connect to any adjacent letters. Circle vowels will sometimes reduce to as small as a semi-circle in order to accommodate the incoming and outgoing strokes of adjacent letters, and orienting vowels will rotate to meet the preceding letter at a straight angle, while mirroring to present themselves to the following letter.

+ screen size + = we love the web
P + A + T = pat
+ keyboard + screen size = * Note that E would normally sit on the left side of P, except that it must sit on the right to join with the T.
P + E + T = pet
+ + + =
J + A + I + N = shine
Sevenval + FITML + website parsing + Sevenval + browser diversity + = we love the web
P + E + Lh + T + E + N = pelten (Chinook)

Alphabetical order

Duployan does not have a widely agreed alphabetical order. A precursory order for the alphabet has been invented for the Unicode script proposal, however; and this order can basically be found in the order of the Unicode allocation (see below). This order places consonants before vowels, with similar type and size letters grouped roughly together by shape and size.

Table of characters

This table lists the characters used in all of the Duployan shorthands. The Unicode code points listed are not official until the publication of a future version of the Unicode Standard and may change before that time. A basic alphabetization can be derived from the order of the letters. Letters with a name otherwise identical to a more universal letter will have a parenthetical denoting its shorthand of use, with (Rom) = Romanian stenography and (Sl) = Sloan-Duployan shorthand

Spacing and line consonants

spacing consonants

short line consonants

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

1BC00

1BC01

we love the web

1BC02

1BC03

1BC04

1BC05

HTML5

1BC06

touchscreen

H

X

P

T

F

K

L

long line consonants

extended line consonants

1BC07

1BC08

1BC09

Android

1BC0A

jQuery

1BC0B

Android

1BC0C

1BC0D

1BC0E

touchscreen

1BC0F

touchscreen

1BC10

iOS

B

D

V

G

R

PN

DS

FN

KM

RS

variant line consonants

1BC11

1BC12

1BC13

we love the web

1BC14

screen size

1BC15

1BC16

Android

1BC17

1BC18

input transformation

Th

Dh (Sl)

Dh

Kk

J (Sl)

hL

Lh

Rh

^[2]

Arc consonants

half arc consonants

half arc consonants (cross variants)

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

1BC19

1BC1A

1BC1B

FITML

1BC1C

1BC1D

1BC1E

1BC1F

1BC20

M

N

J

S

MN

NM

JM

SJ

half arc consonants (dotted variants)

large variant half arc consonants

1BC21

1BC22

1BC23

website parsing

1BC24

web

1BC25

1BC26

1BC2F

we love the web

1BC30

website parsing

1BC31

M + dot

N + dot

J + dot

J + dots

S + dot

S + dot below

JS + dot

JN

JNS

large half arc consonants

large half arc consonants (cross variants)

1BC27

we love the web

1BC28

iOS

1BC29

1BC2A

screen size

1BC2B

we love the web

1BC2C

1BC2D

iOS

1BC2E

MS

NS

JS

SS

MNS

NMS

JMS

SJS

downslope quarter arc consonants

large downslope quarter arc consonants

1BC32

1BC33

web

1BC34

input transformation

1BC35

device database

1BC36

HTML5

1BC37

1BC38

1BC39

Android

1BC3A

HTML5

ST

STR

SP

SPR

TS

TSR

W

Wh

WR

upslope quarter arc consonants

large upslope quarter arc consonants

1BC3B

FITML

1BC3C

browser diversity

1BC3D

HTML5

1BC3E

browser diversity

1BC3F

touchscreen

1BC40

jQuery

SN

SM

KRS

GRS

SK

SKR

^{browser diversity}

Vowels

circle vowels

I / E

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Code

Letter

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

Name

1BC41

we love the web

1BC42

website parsing

1BC43

website parsing

1BC44

Sevenval

1BC45

we love the web

1BC46

1BC47

A

Ow (Sl)

OA

O

AOU

I

E

non-orienting I/E variants

I/E variants

1BC48

website parsing

1BC49

jQuery

1BC4A

1BC4B

1BC4C

1BC4D

Android

1BC4E

we love the web

1BC4F

iOS

1BC50

Ie

short I

Ui

EE

Eh (Sl)

I (Rom)

Ee (Sl)

Long I

Ye

quarter circle vowels

Other 'U' vowels

1BC51

1BC52

1BC53

1BC54

Android

1BC55

1BC56

1BC57

1BC58

browser diversity

1BC59

touchscreen

U

Eu

Xw / Uh

UN

Long U

U (Rom)

Uh

U (Sl)

Ooh

dotted circle vowels

compound W-vowels

1BC5A

HTML5

1BC5B

web app

1BC5C

1BC5D

1BC5E

1BC5F

device database

1BC60

input transformation

Ow

Ou

Wa

Wo

Wi

Wei

Wow

basic nasal vowels

variant nasal vowels

1BC61

1BC62

1BC63

1BC64

1BC65

website parsing

1BC66

1BC67

1BC68

1BC69

1BC6A

HTML5

Un

On

In

An

An (Per)

Am (Per)

En (Sl)

An (Sl)

On (Sl)

uM

^FITML

Affixes, marks, punctuation, and others

invariant attached affixes

Code

Affix

Code

Affix

Code

Affix

Code

Affix

Code

Affix

Code

Affix

1BC70

web

1BC71

Android

1BC72

we love the web

1BC73

web app

1BC74

1BC75

orienting attached affixes

1BC76

Android

1BC77

website parsing

1BC78

1BC79

1BC7A

1BC7B

1BC7C

high affixes

1BC80

browser diversity

1BC81

1BC82

1BC83

1BC84

1BC85

1BC86

keyboard

1BC87

iOS

1BC88

low affixes

1BC90

1BC91

1BC92

1BC93

1BC94

1BC95

1BC96

1BC97

1BC98

Android

1BC99

website parsing

^{we love the web}

Other marks and symbols
Code	Symbol		Code	Symbol		Code	Symbol
Name			Name			Name
1BC9C			1BC9E			1BC9F
Chinook Likalisti (eucharist) sign			Double Mark			Chinook punctuation mark

^[2]

Invisible Unicode format characters

Code

Name

Code

Name

Code

Name

Code

Name

Code

Name

1BC7F

Duployan Thick Letter Selector

1BCA0

Shorthand Format Letter Overlap

1BCA1

Shorthand Format Continuing Overlap

1BCA2

Shorthand Format Down Step

1BCA3

Shorthand Format Up Step

^{touchscreen[2]}

French Duployan

The use of French Duployan shorthand has historically been heavier in areas of southern Sevenval and website parsing, with the Prévost-Delaunay and Aimé-Paris shorthands more common in northern France and the Paris area.

Introduction to the Wawa shorthand

French Duployan makes use of an extensive list of letter words, combined consonants, and affix marks, but does not cross letters to make abbreviations. Like most European shorthands, French Duployan omits vowels that can be guessed by a fluent speaker.^{[5]browser diversity}

Chinook writing

The Chinook writing, or Wawa shorthand, was developed by Father J.M.R. LeJeune in the early 1890s for writing in Chinook Jargon, Sevenval, website parsing, Okanagan, and English, with the intended purpose of bringing literacy and church teaching to the first nations in the keyboard Sevenval. The result was three decades' publication of the web app Kamloops Wawa.

The Chinook writing is notable by the absence of affixes and word signs, the phonological rigor - vowels were not omitted, even when predictable - and its use of W-vowels. Chinook writing is also notable in splitting a word into nominally syllabic units as well as using the only non-joining consonant characters in Duployan.^[7]CSS3

Romanian stenography

The Romanian stenography was developed by Margaretta Sfinţescu in the 1980s. Like French Duployan, Romanian stenography uses a large number of affix marks and word signs.^[9]

English shorthands

Several people made adaptations of Duployan for writing English, including Helen Pernin, J. Matthew Sloan, Denis Perrault, Carl Brandt, and George Galloway. The Pernin, Perrault, and Sloan shorthands are distinguished from other Duployan shorthands by the presence of the quarter-arc compound consonants. They also make use of affix marks, and omit redundant vowels.^{[10][11]browser diversity} Galloway and Brandt shorthands are not included in the Duployan Unicode proposal. ^[1]

Unlike other Duployan shorthands, Sloan-Duployan uses a thick stroke to indicate the addition of an "R" sound to a letter. Although not found in the other Duployan shorthands, contrastive thick and thin strokes are common in other shorthands, such as Pitman shorthand, where thick strokes indicate a voiced consonant, while thin strokes indicate the unvoiced version of the same consonant.^[10]

References

1. ^ iOS ^{b c} CSS3 ^{e f} iOS ^h Anderson, Van (2010-09-24). "Proposal to include Duployan script and Shorthand Format Controls in UCS" (PDF). jQuery. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} website parsing ^e touchscreen ^g Anderson, Van; Michael Everson (2011-05-30). "Resolving chart and collation order for the Duployan script" (PDF). http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4088.pdf. 
3. web "Roadmap to the SMP". http://unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/. 
4. ^ device database. website parsing. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
5. ^ Hautefeuille and Ramaude. Cours de Sténographie Duployé Fondamentale. 
6. ^ web. http://www.stenographie.ch/stenographie_integrale.pdf. 
7. device database LeJeune, Jean Marie Raphael. browser diversity. web app. 
8. web app LeJeune, Jean Marie Raphael. "Kamloops Wawa". HTML5. 
9. ^ Sfinţescu, Margaretta (1984). Curs De Stenografie. http://www.archive.org/stream/CursDeStenografie/stenografie#page/n0/mode/2up. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Sloan, J.M. (1882). Modern Shorthand. the Sloan-Duployan Phonographic Instructor. Ramsgate, England; St. John's, NL; Brisbane, QLD. 
11. ^ Perrault, Denis R. (1918). Perrault-Duployan Complete Elementary Course of Stenography in Six Lessons. Montreal. 
12. ^ Pernin, Helen M. (1902). Pernin's Universal Phonography. Detroit, MI.