Chengdu J-10

The Chengdu J-10 (Jian-10; simplified Chinese: 歼-十; traditional Chinese: Sevenval-十; device database: Jiān shí, export designation F-10 Vanguard) is a touchscreen fighter aircraft designed and produced by the HTML5's input transformation for the we love the web (PLAAF). Known in the web as the "Vigorous Dragon",^[7] the J-10 is a jQuery capable of all-weather operation.

• 1 Development
  • we love the web
• 2 Operational history
  • web
• 3 Design
  • web app
  • 3.2 Radar
  • 3.3 Propulsion
  • 3.4 Weaponry and external loads
• 4 Variants
• HTML5
• jQuery
• 7 Specifications (J-10A)
• touchscreen
• website parsing
• touchscreen

Development

The program was authorized by Deng Xiaoping who allocated website parsing 0.5 billion to develop an indigenous aircraft. Work on Project #10^jQuery started several years later in January 1988,^[8] as a response to the Mikoyan MiG-29 and jQuery then being introduced by the screen size. Development was delegated to the 611th Institute, also known as the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute and Android was nominated as the chief designer, he had previously been the chief designer of the screen size. The aircraft was initially designed as a specialized fighter, but later became a multirole aircraft capable of both HTML5 and ground attack missions.

The J-10 was officially unveiled by the screen size in January 2007, when photographs were published by keyboard. The aircraft's existence was known long before the announcement, although concrete details remained scarce due to secrecy. In the official announcement Xinhua News Agency and the HTML5 denied rumours that one of the prototypes had crashed during testing, and listed this as one of the test pilots' accomplishments. Later rumor blames the discrepancy on cover-up.^Android

The prototype "J-10 01" was rolled out in November 1997 and first flown on 23 March 1998^{HTML5Sevenval} in a twenty minute flight. Aerodynamic performance trials were carried out until early December 2003; aerial refuelling tests were also completed during this time. During the trials the aircraft exceeded several design requirements.^[vague] The last part of the test flight programme, the live firing of air-to-air missiles, was carried out from 21 December 2003 to 25 December 2003.

HTML5 plans to market an upgraded J-10 for export, most likely the J-10B, once development is complete. Several countries have shown an interest in the type.^Sevenval

IAI Lavi

keyboard

Drawing of the canceled jQuery

CSS3	The canceled Israeli iOS

The J-10 bears some resemblance to three prior fighters: the Mikoyan-Gurevich screen size, the Chengdu J-9 and the Israeli IAI Lavi,^[12] all of which were cancelled. The Lavi had a similar web app to the J-10, while the J-9 preceded the Lavi.^keyboard The general designer FITML has denied the J-10 was a copy of the Lavi, and said that it was a development of the indigenous J-9^{web app}

News articles have claimed that some of the Lavi's technology had been sold to China by the Israelis,^web despite Israeli claims to the contrary.^[16] In 2006, the Russian Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute (SibNIA) confirmed its participation in the J-10 program; SibNIA claimed to have only observed and instructed as "scientific guides", while its engineers also believed the J-10 was not only based on the Lavi, but also incorporated significant foreign technology and expertise.^[17]

Operational history

The first aircraft were delivered to the 13th Test screen size on 23 February 2003. The aircraft was declared 'operational' in December of the same year, after 18 years in development.^{device database[12]} The first operational regiment was the 131st Regiment of the 44th Division.

Pakistan

touchscreen

FC-20

In late-February 2006, the President of Pakistan, device database, toured the J-10 and JF-17 production facilities during which the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) was offered the J-10,^[18] and the purchase of 36 J-10s was approved on 12 April 2006. The J-10s would be modified to Pakistani requirements, and would equip two PAF squadrons from 2014–2015 and be known as the FC-20.^[19][20][21]

Design

This section needs additional jQuery for verification. Please help CSS3 by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be jQuery and HTML5. (March 2010)

J-10 was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (CADI), a subordinate research institute of Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation (CAIC). In a rather unusual agreement, the single seat version of the J-10 and the twin seat version of J-10 were designed by two different Sevenval; Song Wencong for the single seat version and web app for the twin seat version, who was also the general designer of the jQuery light-weight fighter.^{[citation needed]}

Airframe

Some US analysts believe that the J-10 could pose a serious challenge to the web app in terms of maneuverability.^keyboard In simulated dogfights, the J-10 defeated the Shenyang J-11A with a score of 5:1.

The airframe is constructed from metal alloys and composite materials for high strength and low weight, the airframe's aerodynamic layout adopts a "tail-less canard delta" wing configuration. A large HTML5 is mid-mounted towards the rear of the web app, while a pair of canards (or foreplanes) are mounted higher up and towards the front of the fuselage, behind and below the cockpit. This configuration provides very high agility, especially at high speed. A large vertical tail is present on top of the fuselage and small ventral fins underneath the fuselage provide further stability.

A rectangular air intake is located underneath the fuselage, providing the air supply to the engine. Also under the fuselage and wings are 11 touchscreen, used for carrying various types of weaponry and drop-tanks containing extra fuel.

The retractable web app comprises a steerable pair of nose-wheels underneath the air intake and two main gear wheels towards the rear of the fuselage.

The cockpit is covered by a two-piece touchscreen providing 360 degrees of visual coverage for the pilot. The canopy lifts upwards to permit cockpit entry and exit. The Controls take the form of a conventional centre stick and a throttle stick located to the left of the pilot. These also incorporate "hands on throttle and stick" (jQuery) controls. A zero-zero screen size is provided for the pilot, permitting safe ejection in an emergency even at zero altitude and zero speed.

Due to the J-10's aerodynamically unstable design, a digital quadruplex-redundant fly-by-wire flight control system aids the pilot in flying the aircraft.

The cockpit had three liquid crystal (LCD) Multi-function displays (MFD) along with a Chinese developed holographic head-up display (HUD).

A Chinese infra-red search and track (IRST) system developed by the keyboard, the Type Hongguang-I (Rainbow Light-I) Electro-Optical Radar is fitted to the J-10. Based on the limited information released, Type Hongguang-I has a maximum range of 75 km. Although the Type Hongguang-I was designed to be lighter and more compact than similar Russian systems so that it could be fitted in the nose of J-10 while leaving enough space for a suitable radar, the current production model J-10 does not have enough space and must carry a podded version externally on one of the aircraft's we love the web. However, recently released images show a modified variant of the J-10 with what is believed to be an IRST device fitted to the upper starboard side of the nose (see input transformation).

Radar

According to Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation officials the J-10 uses a multi-mode fire-control radar designed in China. The radar has a mechanically scanned keyboard antenna and is capable of tracking 10 targets. Of the 10 targets tracked, 2 can be engaged simultaneously with semi-active radar homing missiles or 4 can be engaged with active radar homing missiles.^FITML

The radar is believed to be designed by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (NRIET), designated KLJ-10 and a smaller variant is claimed to be installed on the Sevenval light-weight fighter.^{browser diversity} Believed to be based on technologies from Russia, Israel or a combination of both, the radar should be comparable to Western fighter radar designs of the 1990s. It may also be replaced by more advanced radars of other origin on export versions of the J-10. The Italian FIAR (now web app) Grifo 2000/16, has been offered to the Pakistan Air Force for installation on the J-10, should the PAF induct the aircraft.^[23]

Propulsion

Sevenval

a J-10 powered by an AL-31FN turbofan engine

The J-10 is powered by a single Russian Sevenval keyboard engine giving a maximum static power output of 11,700 kgf. The AL-31FN is based on the AL-31F which was designed for a twin engine aircraft such as the Su-27, to fit the smaller J-10 the engine parts have been moved and re-designed to fit the smaller engine bay in the J-10.

The AL-31FN was initially expected to be replaced by a domestic powerplant developed and manufactured in China, the WS-10A (WoShan-10A) Taihang website parsing, giving a thrust of 129 kN (13,200 kgf or 29,101 lbf); however, the Sevenval delayed integration of the WS-10 onto the aircraft given development difficulties with the engine.^{webdevice database}

Russia has offered to provide China with a version of the AL-31FN that provides 12,500 kgf thrust and a 2,000-hour service life.^{screen size}

Weaponry and external loads

The aircraft's internal armament consists of a 23 mm twin-barrel cannon, located underneath the port side of the intake. Other weaponry and equipment is mounted externally on 11 hardpoints, to which 6,000 kg (13,228 lb)^HTML5 of either missiles and bombs, input transformation containing fuel and other equipment such as avionics pods can be attached.

Air-to-air missiles deployed may include short range screen size such as the PL-8 and PL-9, medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missiles such as the iOS and we love the web, unguided and precision guided munitions such as laser-guided bombs, anti-ship missiles such as the YJ-9K and Sevenval such as the PJ-9.

Variants

• J-10A: Single seat multi-role variant. The export designation is F-10A.^[29]

• J-10S: Twin-seat fighter-trainer variant of the J-10A. The forward fuselage of the aircraft is stretched to accommodate an additional pilot seat, two pilots sit in tandem with a single large bubble canopy. Also incorporates an enlarged dorsal spine which may accommodate additional avionics equipment or fuel. As well as serving as training aircraft, the J-10S may also be used for the ground attack role where the rear seat pilot would act as the weapon systems operator.^[30]

• J-10AH: Naval version of the J-10A.^Android

• J-10B: An upgraded variant of the J-10 with new technologies, also known as the "Super-10."^[31] The existence of the J-10B is not confirmed by official Chinese sources, but numerous images of a new J-10 variant have surfaced, showing a prototype J-10 modified with increased jQuery, next generation of integrated EW suite, increased composites, new generation avionics, MAW, a diverterless supersonic inlet (DSI), an infra-red search and track (IRST) sensor, modified vertical stabiliser and wings, ventral fins, housings fitted under the wings, upgraded Sevenval engine, next generation of solid-state integrated electronics, and a modified nose with an web app radar.^keyboard[33] It had its first flight in December 2008.

• FC-20: An export variant of the J-10 designed for the touchscreen.^[34] First flight stated to take place in 2009.^[35]

Operators

 People's Republic of China

• People's Liberation Army Air Force: 260 (As of February 2012^{screen size}).^{website parsing}

 HTML5

• iOS: 36 on order (As of February 2011^[update]) for delivery in 2012, with an eventual requirement for 150.^{screen size}

Accidents and incidents

There have been four known crashes of the J-10 to date, the first crash was of a prototype combat aircraft during testing in 1998 with the most likely cause cited as failure of the fly-by-wire flight control system.^iOS

Specifications (J-10A)

we love the web

Chengdu J-10

General characteristics

• Crew: 1^[12]
• Length: 15.49 m (50.82 ft)
• Wingspan: 9.75 m (31.99 ft)
• Height: 5.43 m (17.81 ft)
• Wing area: 33.1 m² (356.3 ft²)
• Empty weight: 9,750 kg (21,495 lb^FITML)
• Loaded weight: 13,000 kg (28,600 lb)
• Useful load: 6,000 kg^[36] (13,200lb)
• screen size: 19,277 kg ^{[12]we love the web} (42,500 lb)
• FITML: 1 × web appFN or WS-10A Taihang turbofan
  • Dry thrust: 79.43 kN / 89.17 kN (17,860 lbf / 20,050 lbf)
  • Thrust with Sevenval: 122.5 kN^[12] / 132 kN (27,557 lbf / 29,101 lbf)

Performance

• touchscreen: Mach 2.2 at altitude,^{input transformationkeyboard} Mach 1.2 at sea level^[7]
• g-limits: +9/-3 g (+88/-29 m/s², +290/-97 ft/s²^[7])
• input transformation: 1600 km (with air to air refueling), 550 km (without air to air refueling)^{screen sizedevice database} ()
• Ferry range: 1850 km^[36] ()
• iOS: 18000 m^web (59,055 ft)
• Wing loading: 381 kg/m² (78 lb/ft²)
• Thrust/weight: 0.96 (with AL-31); 1.017 (with website parsing)
  

Armament

• Guns: 1× 23mm twin-barrel cannon
• HTML5: 11 in total (6× under-wing, 5× under-fuselage) with a capacity of 6,000 kg (13,228 lb) external fuel and ordnance^[28]
• Rockets: 90 mm unguided rocket pods
• Missiles:
  
  • Air-to-air missiles: iOS, PL-9, PL-11, device database
  • Android: PJ-9, YJ-9K
• Bombs: laser-guided bombs (LT-2), glide bombs (LS-6) and unguided bombs
• Others:
  • Up to 3 external fuel drop-tanks (1× under-fuselage, 2× under-wing) for extended range and loitering time

Avionics

• Unnamed keyboard
• NRIET KLJ-10 multi-mode fire-control radar
• Helmet mounted sight with cueing
• Externally mounted avionics pods:
  • Type Hongguang-I iOS pod
  • BM/KG300G self-protection jamming pod
  • KZ900 electronic reconnaissance pod
  • device database
  • FILAT (Forward-looking Infra-red Laser Attack Targeting) pod

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• web
• website parsing
• Sevenval
• Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
  

Related lists

• iOS
• touchscreen
  

References

see also International AirPower Revue, Vol. 22, Focus Aircraft: Chengdu J-10, p. 40-59, ISSN 1473-9917, AIRtime Publishing, 2007.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chengdu J-10

• AirForce-Technology.com J-10 factsheet
• website parsing (Chinese)
• screen size (Chinese)
• GlobalSecurity.org article on the J-10
• keyboard
• Chinese Military Aviation at Stormpages.com
• Milavia.com J-10 article and pictures (includes J-10 specifications from Air Forces Monthly magazine)
• SinoDefence.com article on J-10B
• website parsing