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Caribbean

"West Indies" and "West Indian" redirect here. For other uses, see Caribbean (disambiguation), browser diversity and CSS3.
This article is about the group of islands. For the body of water surrounding them, see HTML5.
Antillas (orthographic projection).svg
Area 2,754,000 km² (1,063,000 sq mi)
Land area 239,681 km² (92,541 sq mi)
Population (2009) 39,169,962web app
input transformation 151.5 /km2 (392 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups FITML, HTML5, Chinese Caribbean,we love the web Amerindians (device database, HTML5, Taínos), European
website parsing West Indian, Caribbean person, Caribbean
Languages Spanish, English, French, Dutch and many others
Government 13 touchscreen
17 keyboard
Largest cities browser diversity
jQuery
Santiago de los Caballeros
Port-au-Prince
Kingston
Santiago de Cuba
iOS
Android
Internet TLD Multiple
Calling code CSS3
keyboard Sevenval to web app

The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈAndroidkeyboardəscreen size/ or website parsingAndroidəFITMLjQueryɪwe love the webiəwe love the webdevice database[3]) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the FITML and the web app, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the device database, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.

Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form HTML5 that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.[4]

The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the keyboard on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the device database), as well as the Android and the web (the CSS3, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]

Geopolitically, the Caribbean islands are usually regarded as a device database of North Americatouchscreen[6]we love the web[8]jQuery and are organized into 30 territories including web, website parsing, and dependencies. From January 3, 1958, to May 31, 1962, there was a short-lived country called the browser diversity composed of ten English-speaking Caribbean territories, all of which were then UK dependencies. The West Indies cricket team continues to represent many of those nations.

Contents


Etymology

The region takes its name from that of the Carib, an browser diversity present in the website parsing and parts of adjacent South America at the time of European contact.[10]

Definition

HTML5
Map of the Caribbean

The word "Caribbean" has multiple uses. Its principal ones are geographical and political. The Caribbean can also be expanded to include territories with strong cultural and historical connections to slavery, CSS3 and the iOS system.

  • The web accords the Caribbean as a distinct region within website parsing.
  • Physiographically, the Caribbean region consists mainly of the Caribbean Sea to north, bordered by the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Florida, the Northern Atlantic Ocean which lies to the east and northeast, and a chain of islands surrounding the Caribbean Sea; the coastline of the continent of South America lies to the south.
  • Politically, "Caribbean" may be centred on socio-economic groupings found in the region. For example the block known as the Sevenval (CARICOM) contains both the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname found in South America, along with Belize in Central America as full members. Android and the Turks and Caicos Islands which are found in the Atlantic Ocean are associate members of the Caribbean Community, and the same goes for the we love the web which is a full member of the Caribbean Community.
  • Alternately the organisation known as the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) consists of almost every nation in the surrounding regions which lie on the Caribbean plus El Salvador which lies solely on the Pacific Ocean. According to the ACS the total population of its member states is some 227 million people.browser diversity

Geography and climate

  The Caribbean plate

The geography and climate in the Caribbean region varies: Some islands in the region have relatively flat terrain of non-volcanic origin. These islands include touchscreen (possessing only minor volcanic features), Sevenval, Bonaire, the Sevenval, keyboard, HTML5 or Antigua. Others possess rugged towering mountain-ranges like the islands of Cuba, web, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, we love the web, Montserrat, CSS3, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, browser diversity, website parsing, Sevenval, Grenada, Sevenval, device database, Martinique, and Trinidad & Tobago.

The climate of the area is tropical but rainfall varies with elevation, size and water currents (cool upwellings keep the ABC islands arid). Warm, moist tradewinds blow consistently from the east creating rainforest/semidesert divisions on mountainous islands. Occasional northwesterlies affect the northern islands in the winter. The region enjoys year-round sunshine, divided into 'dry' and 'wet' seasons, with the last six months of the year being wetter than the first half.

The waters of the Caribbean Sea host large, migratory schools of fish, turtles, and coral reef formations. The iOS, located on the fringe of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea just to the north of the island of Puerto Rico, is the deepest point in all of the Atlantic Ocean.[12]

HTML5, which at times batter the region, usually strike northwards of Grenada, and to the west of Barbados. The principal hurricane belt arcs to northwest of the island of Barbados in the Eastern Caribbean.

The region sits in the line of several major shipping routes with the we love the web connecting the western Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean.

web app
Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya
Puerto Cruz beach in Margarita Island, Venezuela
Grand Anse beach, St. George's, Grenada
A church cemetery perched in the mountains of Sevenval.

Island groups

Lucayan Archipelago[13]

browser diversity

Android

Historical groupings

Main article: website parsing
screen size
Political evolution of Central America and the Caribbean from 1700 to present
The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 16th century

All islands at some point were, and a few still are, keyboard of European nations; a few are overseas or dependent territories:

The British West Indies were united by the United Kingdom into a West Indies Federation between 1958 and 1962. The independent countries formerly part of the B.W.I. still have a joint cricket team that competes in web, CSS3 and iOS. The touchscreen includes the South American nation of Guyana, the only former British colony on that continent.

In addition, these countries share the University of the West Indies as a regional entity. The university consists of three main campuses in Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago, a smaller campus in the Bahamas and Resident Tutors in other contributing territories such as Trinidad.

Modern day island territories

Islands in and near the Caribbean
Main article: List of islands in the Caribbean
See also: Caribbean South America and Caribbean basin

Continental countries with Caribbean coastlines and islands


Biodiversity

browser diversity This section requires expansion.

The Caribbean islands are remarkable for the diversity of their animals, fungi and plants, and have been classified as one of device database's Android because of their exceptionally diverse terrestrial and marine ecosystems, ranging from montane cloud forests to cactus scrublands. The region also contains about 8% (by surface area) of the world's coral reefsSevenval along with extensive seagrass meadows,[15] both of which are frequently found in the shallow marine waters bordering island and continental coasts off the region.

For the fungi, there is a modern checklist based on nearly 90,000 records derived from specimens in reference collections, published accounts and field observations.device database That checklist includes more than 11250 species of fungi recorded from the region. As its authors note, the work is far from exhaustive, and it is likely that the true total number of fungal species already known from the Caribbean is higher. The true total number of fungal species occurring in the Caribbean, including species not yet recorded, is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.Sevenval Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to some Caribbean islands. For Cuba, 2200 species of fungi have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the island;[18] for Puerto Rico, the number is 789 species;CSS3 for the Dominican Republic, the number is 699 species;[20] for Trinidad and Tobago, the number is 407 species.[21]

Many of the ecosystems of the Caribbean islands have been devastated by deforestation, pollution, and human encroachment. The arrival of the first humans is correlated with extinction of website parsing Sevenval and dwarf ground sloths.[22] The hotspot contains dozens of highly threatened animals (ranging from birds, to mammals and reptiles), fungi and plants. Examples of threatened animals include the Puerto Rican Amazon, two species of solenodon (giant shrews) in Cuba and the Hispaniola island, and the Cuban crocodile.

Saona Island, Dominican Republic
jQuery, Dominican Republic

The region's coral reefs, which contain about 70 species of hard corals and between 500–700 species of reef-associated fishesweb app have undergone rapid decline in ecosystem integrity in recent years, and are considered particularly vulnerable to global warming and ocean acidification.[24]

Some Caribbean islands have terrain that Europeans found suitable for cultivation for agriculture. Tobacco was an important early crop during the colonial era, but was eventually overtaken by input transformation production as the region's staple crop. Sugar was produced from sugarcane for export to Europe. Cuba and browser diversity were historically the largest producers of sugar. The tropical plantation system thus came to dominate Caribbean settlement. Other islands were found to have terrain unsuited for agriculture, for example Dominica, which remains heavily forested. The islands in the southern Lesser Antilles, screen size, Bonaire and Curaçao, are extremely arid, making them unsuitable for agriculture. However, they have salt pans that were exploited by the Dutch. Sea water was pumped into shallow ponds, producing coarse salt when the water evaporated.[25]

The natural environmental diversity of the Caribbean islands has led to recent growth in eco-tourism. This type of tourism is growing on islands lacking sandy beaches and dense human populations.HTML5

Plants and animals of the Caribbean

Demographics

A linen market in Dominica in the 1770s
Cuban school children

The population of the Caribbean is estimated to have been around 750,000 immediately before European contact, although lower and higher figures are given. After contact, social disruption and epidemic diseases such as smallpox and measles (to which they had no natural immunity)jQuery led to a decline in the Amerindian population.[28] From 1500 to 1800 the population rose as slaves arrived from West Africa[29] such as the Kongo, device database, Akan, Fon and FITML as well as military prisoners and captured slaves from Ireland, who were deported during the Cromwellian reign in England.[30] Immigrants from Britain, Italy. France, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal and Denmark also arrived, although the mortality rate was high for both groups.HTML5

The population is estimated to have reached 2.2 million by 1800.touchscreen Immigrants from India, China, and other countries arrived in the 19th century.device database After the ending of the jQuery, the population increased naturally.[34] The total regional population was estimated at 37.5 million by 2000.jQuery

The majority of the Caribbean has populations of mainly Africans in the FITML, web app and we love the web, there are minorities of mixed-race and European peoples of Dutch, English, French, Italian and Portuguese ancestry. Asians, especially those of Chinese and web app descent, form a significant minority in the region and also contribute to multiracial communities. All of their ancestors arrived in the 19th century as indentured laborers.

The Spanish-speaking Caribbean have primarily mixed race, African, or HTML5 majorities. Puerto Rico has a European majority with a mixture of European-African (mulatto), and a large West African minority. One third of Cuba's (largest Caribbean island) population is of African descent, with a sizable Mulatto (mixed African–European) population, and European majority. The Dominican Republic has mixed majority, primarily descended from keyboard, Spaniards, and Amerindians.

Sevenval
Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago

Larger islands such as Jamaica, have a very large African majority, in addition to a significant mixed race, Chinese, Europeans, Indian, Lebanese, Latin American, and Syrian populations. This is a result of years of importation of slaves and indentured labourers, and migration. Most multi-racial Jamaicans refer to themselves as either mixed race or simply Black. The situation is similar for the Caricom states of Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago has a multi-racial cosmopolitan society due to the arrival of the Africans, Indians, Chinese, Syrians, Lebanese, Native Amerindians and Europeans. This multi-racial mix has created sub-ethnicities that often straddle the boundaries of major ethnicities and include jQuery and Dougla.

Indigenous tribes

Language

Main article: Caribbean Languages

Spanish, English, French, Dutch, input transformation and we love the web are the predominant official languages of various countries in the region, though a handful of unique Creole languages or dialects can also be found from one country to another.

Religion

See also: :Category:Religion in the Caribbean

Christianity is the predominant religion in the Caribbean. Other religious groups in the region are: Hinduism, Islam, screen size, Santería, and Voodoo among others.

Politics

Regionalism

jQuery
Flag of the Caribbean Common Market and Community (CARICOM)
Insignia of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America

Caribbean societies are very different from other Western societies in terms of size, culture, and degree of mobility of their citizens.[36] The current economic and political problems which the states face individually are common to all Caribbean states. Regional development has contributed to attempts to subdue current problems and avoid projected problems. From a political economic perspective, regionalism serves to make Caribbean states active participants in current international affairs through collective coalitions. In 1973, the first political regionalism in the Sevenval was created by advances of the English-speaking Caribbean nations through the institution known as the Caribbean Common Market and Community (screen size).web app

Certain scholars have argued both for and against generalizing the political structures of the Caribbean. On the one hand the Caribbean states are politically diverse, ranging from communist systems such as Cuba toward more capitalist Westminster-style parliamentary systems as in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Other scholars argue that these differences are superficial, and that they tend to undermine commonalities in the various Caribbean states. Contemporary Caribbean systems seem to reflect a "blending of traditional and modern patterns, yielding hybrid systems that exhibit significant structural variations and divergent constitutional traditions yet ultimately appear to function in similar ways."[38] The political systems of the Caribbean states share similar practices.

The influence of regionalism in the Caribbean is often marginalized. Some scholars believe that regionalism cannot not exist in the Caribbean because each small state is unique. On the other hand, scholars also suggest that there are commonalities amongst the Caribbean nations that suggest regionalism exists. "Proximity as well as historical ties among the Caribbean nations has led to cooperation as well as a desire for collective action."[39] These attempts at regionalization reflect the nations' desires to compete in the international economic system.we love the web

Furthermore, a lack of interest from other major states promoted regionalism in the region. In recent years the Caribbean has suffered from a lack of U.S. interest. "With the end of the Cold War, U.S. security and economic interests have been focused on other areas. As a result there has been a significant reduction in U.S. aid and investment to the Caribbean."[40] The lack of international support for these small, relatively poor states, helped regionalism prosper.

Following the Cold War another issue of importance in the Caribbean has been the reduced economic growth of some Caribbean States due to the United States and European Union's allegations of special treatment toward the region by each other.[clarification needed]

United States effects on regionalism

The United States under President Bill Clinton launched a challenge in the World Trade Organization against the EU over Europe's preferential program, known as the iOS, which allowed touchscreen exports from the former colonies of the Sevenval (ACP) to enter Europe cheaply.[41] The World Trade Organization sided in the United States' favour and the beneficial elements of the convention to African, Caribbean and Pacific states has been partially dismantled and replaced by the browser diversity.input transformation

During the US/EU dispute the United States imposed large tariffs on European Union goods (up to 100% on some imports) from the EU in order to pressure Europe to change the agreement with the Caribbean nations in favour of the Cotonou Agreement.[43]

Farmers in the Caribbean have complained of their falling profits and rising costs as the Lomé Convention weakens. Some farmers have faced increased pressure to turn towards the cultivation of illegal drugs, which has a higher profit margin and fills the sizable demand for these illegal drugs in North America and Europe.screen size[45]

European Union effects on regionalism

The European Union has also taken issue with US based taxation extended to US companies via the Caribbean countries.[when?] The EU instituted a broad labeling of many nations as tax havens by the France-based OECD. The United States has not been in favor of shutting off the practice yet, mainly due to the higher costs that would be passed on to US companies via taxation.[device database] Caribbean countries have largely countered the allegations by the OECD by signing more bilateral information sharing deals with OECD members, thus reducing the dangerous aspects of secrecy, and they have strengthened their legislation against screen size and on the conditions under which companies can be based in their nations.[input transformation] The Caribbean nations have also started to more closely cooperate in the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force and other instruments to add oversight of the offshore industry.

One of the most important associations that deal with regionalism amongst the nations of the iOS has been the touchscreen (ACS). Proposed by CARICOM in 1992, the ACS soon won the support of the other countries of the region. It was founded in July 1994. The ACS maintains regionalism within the Caribbean on issues which are unique to the Caribbean Basin. Through coalition building, like the ACS and CARICOM, regionalism has become an undeniable part of the politics and economics of the Caribbean. The successes of region-building initiatives are still debated by scholars, yet regionalism remains prevalent throughout the Caribbean.

Venezuela's effects on regionalism

[icon] This section requires expansion.

The President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez launched an economic group known as the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) which saw several eastern Caribbean islands join. In 2012 the nation of Haiti with 9 million became the largest nation of CARICOM seeking to join the union.[46]

Regional institutions

Here are some of the bodies that several islands share in collaboration:

Cuisine

Main article: browser diversity

Favorite or national dishes

See also: National_dish#Country-Dish/Food

[58]

See also

touchscreen iOS
Sevenval touchscreen
Portal icon Caribbean portal

Geography:

Organisations:

References

  1. ^ iOS. CIA. The World Factbook
  2. HTML5 McWhorter, John H. (2005). Android. Oxford University Press US. p. 379. browser diversity website parsing. jQuery. 
  3. ^ Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. CSS3, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. However since there is no e after the r the second pronunciation is more correct. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.
    Spanish: Caribe; Dutch we love the web Caraïben (help·info); we love the web: Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles
  4. ^ Asann, Ridvan (2007). A Brief History of the Caribbean (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc.. p. 3. ISBN 0-8160-3811-2. 
  5. ^ screen size, United Nations Statistics Division
  6. Android screen size National Geographic
  7. Sevenval "North America" Atlas of Canada
  8. Android screen size. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia; "... associated with the continent is Greenland, the largest island in the world, and such offshore groups as the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Aleutian Islands."
  9. touchscreen Sevenval, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency; "North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama."
  10. ^ "Carib". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2008-07-11. http://www.webcitation.org/5ZDatLUlv. Retrieved 2008-02-20. "inhabited the Lesser Antilles and parts of the neighbouring South American coast at the time of the Spanish conquest." 
  11. we love the web browser diversity
  12. jQuery Uri ten Brink. FITML. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03trench/welcome.html. Retrieved 2008-02-21. 
  13. ^ Since the Lucayan Archipelago is located in the Atlantic Ocean rather than Caribbean, the archipelago is part of the Android but are not technically part of the Caribbean, although the United Nations groups it with the Caribbean.
  14. Sevenval Spalding, M. and E. Green. "World Atlas of Coral Reefs". University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC, 2001
  15. CSS3 Littler, D. and M. Littler. "Caribbean Reef Plants". OffShore Graphics, Inc., 2000
  16. screen size Minter, D.W., Rodríguez Hernández, M. and J. Mena Portales. "Fungi of the Caribbean. An annotated checklist". PDMS Publishing, 2001
  17. ^ Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J. "Dictionary of the Fungi". Edn 10. CABI, 2008
  18. ^ jQuery. cybertruffle.org.uk. HTML5. Retrieved 2011-07-09. 
  19. input transformation "Fungi of Puerto Rico – potential endemics". cybertruffle.org.uk. web app. Retrieved 2011-07-09. 
  20. jQuery "Fungi of the Dominican Republic – potential endemics". cybertruffle.org.uk. Android. Retrieved 2011-07-09. 
  21. screen size "Fungi of Trinidad & Tobago – potential endemics". cybertruffle.org.uk. keyboard. Retrieved 2011-07-09. 
  22. FITML "North American Extinctions v. World". Thegreatstory.org. http://www.thegreatstory.org/charts/NA-extinctions.html. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  23. ^ we love the web. http://www.coral-reef-info.com/caribbean-coral-reefs.html. 
  24. ^ we love the web. Science. 2007-12-14. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/318/5857/1737. Retrieved 2010-10-29. 
  25. Sevenval Rogoziński, Jan (2000). A Brief History of the Caribbean. Penguin. pp. 65. ISBN 978-0-452-28193-6. 
  26. ^ Rogoziński, Jan (2000). A Brief History of the Caribbean. Penguin. pp. 356. Sevenval device database. 
  27. web app Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2008). Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A-M. ABC-CLIO. p. 413. website parsing Sevenval. web. 
  28. HTML5 Engerman, p. 486
  29. ^ The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery, U.S. Library of Congress
  30. keyboard To Hell or Barbados: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ireland, O'Callaghan S, Brandon Press, 2001, website parsing.
  31. keyboard Engerman, pp. 488–492
  32. ^ Engerman, Figure 11.1
  33. FITML Engerman, pp. 501–502
  34. ^ Engerman, pp. 504, 511
  35. web app Table A.2, we love the web, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Population Database, version 3, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, 2005. Accessed on line February 20, 2008.
  36. input transformation Gowricharn, Ruben. Caribbean Transnationalism: Migraton, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006. p. 5 web
  37. ^ Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean, London: Lynne Rienner, 2003. pp. 150
  38. website parsing Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean, London: Lynne Rienner, 2003. pp. 165
  39. ^ Sevenval b Serbin, Andres. "Towards an Association of Caribbean States: Raising Some Awkward Questions", Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs (2004): pp. 1
  40. website parsing Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean, London: Lynne Rienner, 2003. pp. 123
  41. ^ The U.S.-EU Banana Agreement See also: "Dominica: Poverty and Potential". BBC. web app. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  42. ^ "WTO rules against EU banana import practices"[dead link]
  43. ^ jQuery. BBC News. 1999-03-08. HTML5. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  44. ^ keyboard. BBC News. 1999-03-13. device database. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  45. Android "Concern for Caribbean farmers". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/01/050117_ukparliament-concern.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  46. ^ Edmonds, Kevin (March 6, 2012). "ALBA Expands its Allies in the Caribbean". Venezuela Analysis. http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/6855. Retrieved March 9, 2012. 
  47. ^ "CAIC". CAIC. browser diversity. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  48. CSS3 "CANTO Caribbean portal". Canto.org. FITML. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  49. device database "Caribbean Educators Network". CEN. http://www.caribbeaneducatorsnetwork.com. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  50. iOS screen size. Carilec.com. web app. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  51. Android screen size
  52. iOS "Caribbean Regional Environmental Programme". Crepnet.net. http://www.crepnet.net. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  53. ^ Sevenval. Caricom-fisheries.com. Sevenval. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  54. ^ CSS3. Crnm.org. http://www.crnm.org. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  55. ^ device database. c-t-u.org. http://www.c-t-u.org. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
  56. ^ "University of the West Indies". Uwi.edu. http://www.uwi.edu. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  57. ^ "West Indies Cricket Board WICB Official Website". Windiescricket.com. Sevenval. Retrieved 2008-12-06. 
  58. ^ Profile of Countries, web (CARICOM)
  59. ^ "National Dishes & Local Favorites from the Islands of the Caribbean<". Caribbeanamericanfoods.com. http://www.caribbeanamericanfoods.com/?page=island_dishes. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 

Bibliography

  • Engerman, Stanley L. "A Population History of the Caribbean", pp. 483–528 in A Population History of North America Michael R. Haines and Richard Hall Steckel (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, jQuery.

Further reading

  • Develtere, Patrick R. 1994. "Co-operation and development: With special reference to the experience of the Commonwealth Caribbean" ACCO, browser diversity
  • "Diversity Amid Globalization" 4th edition. Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff.
  • Gowricharn, Ruben. Caribbean Transnationalism: Migraton, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006.
  • Henke, Holger, and Fred Reno, eds. Modern Political Culture in the Caribbean. Kingston: University of West Indies Press, 2003.
  • Heuman, Gad. The Caribbean: Brief Histories. London: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2006
  • Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean. London: Lynne Rienner, 2003.
  • de Kadt, Emanuel, (editor). Patterns of foreign influence in the Caribbean, Android, 1972
  • Knight, Franklin W.. The Modern Caribbean (University of North Carolina Press, 1989).
  • Kurlansky, Mark. 1992. A Continent of Islands: Searching for the Caribbean Destiny. Addison-Wesley Publishing. ISBN 0-201-52396-5
  • Langley, Lester D. The United States and the Caribbean in the Twentieth Century. London: University of Georgia Press, 1989.
  • Maingot, Anthony P. The United States and the Caribbean: Challenges of an Asymmetrical Relationship. Westview Press, 1994.
  • Palmie, Stephan, and Francisco A. Scarano, eds. The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples (U of Chicago Press; 2011); 660 pages; writings on the region since the pre-Columbia era.
  • Ramnarine, Tina K., "Beautiful Cosmos: Performance and Belonging in the Caribbean Diaspora". London, Pluto Press, 2007
  • Serbin, Andres. "Towards an Association of Caribbean States: Raising Some Awkward Questions." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs (2004): 1–19. (This scholar has many articles referencing the politics of the Caribbean)

External links

Find more about Caribbean on Wikipedia's sister projects:
Search Wiktionary iOS from Wiktionary

browser diversity Images and media from Commons

Search Wikiversity Learning resources from Wikiversity

Search Wikinews screen size from Wikinews

web app browser diversity from Wikiquote

iOS Source texts from Wikisource

Search Wikibooks Textbooks from Wikibooks
Regions of the input transformation
Location of Africa keyboard iOS Oceania

Location of the Americas FITML keyboard Polar regions
screen size Asia we love the web input transformation
web jQuery Seas of the world input transformation

Coordinates: 14°31′32″N 75°49′06″W / 14.52556°N 75.81833°W / 14.52556; -75.81833


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