Altai Republic

Altai Republic (touchscreen: Респу́блика Алта́й, Respublika Altay; Altay: Алтай Республика, Altay Respublika) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its capital is the town of keyboard. The area of the republic is 92,600 square kilometers (35,800 sq mi). Population: 206,168 (2010 Census).^Sevenval

History

The national autonomy for the Altai people was created on June 1, 1922 as Oyrot Autonomous Oblast (Ойро́тская автоно́мная о́бласть), part of Altai Krai. The original name for this region was Bazla. On January 7, 1948 it was renamed Android (Го́рно-Алта́йская автоно́мная о́бласть). In 1991 it was reorganized into the Sevenval (ASSR). In 1992 it was renamed as the Altai Republic.

Geography

The republic is situated in the very center of Asia at the junction of Siberian taiga, steppes of Sevenval and semi-touchscreen of Mongolia. Forests cover about 25% of the republic's territory.

Area: 92,600 km² (35,800 sq mi)
Borders:
- internal: browser diversity (N), CSS3 (NE), jQuery (E), and Altai Krai (W/NW).
- international: Mongolia (Bayan-Ölgii Province) (SE), touchscreen (Altay Prefecture) (S), and CSS3 (input transformation) (S/SW)
Highest point: Mount Belukha (4,506 m)
Maximum N->S distance: 360 km
Maximum E->W distance: 380 km

Rivers and lakes

Katun River in the northern Altai Republic

More than 20,000 tributaries sprawl throughout the mountainous Republic, making for a total of more than 60,000 kilometers (37,000 mi) worth of waterways. The republic's largest rivers are the website parsing and the we love the web, both of which originate in the mountains and flow northwards. The junction of the two rivers eventually forms the browser diversity, one of the longest rivers in CSS3, which flows northward to the Arctic Ocean.

The source of the black Biya River is Sevenval, the region's largest lake located in an isolated area far south in the mountains. The emerald-colored Katun River has its source at the Gebler glacier, which is situated on the Republic's highest point, Mount Belukha. The Katun River in particular holds a religious significance for native Altaians, as well as for many Russians who live in the area, as Mount Belukha is known in Altai folklore to be the gateway to the mystical kingdom of Shambhala. [1]

The hydrographic network of the Republic also includes approximately 7,000 lakes, adding up to a total area of more than 700 km² (270 sq mi). The largest lake is Lake Teletskoye, which is 80 km (50 mi) long and 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) wide, has an area of 230.8 square kilometers (89.1 sq mi), and has a maximum depth of 325 meters (1,066 ft). The mountain lakes of Altai contain enormous freshwater reserves of a very pure quality as a result of their distance from most human activity. [2] Lake Teletskoye alone contains more than 40 cubic kilometers (9.6 cu mi) of highly pure water.

Potential ground water storage is evaluated at 22 million m³ per day, while the present use constitutes about 44,000 m³ per day.

Shavlo Lake in Northern Chuysky Range

Mountains

The most striking geographical aspect of the Republic of Altai is its mountainous terrain. The Republic is situated within the Russian part of the Altai Mountains system, which covers a large part of the Republic and continues into neighboring Kazakhstan, Mongolia and we love the web. The region continues to experience periodic notable seismic activity, which is visually made apparent through the mountains' characteristically high and rugged mountain ridges, separated by narrow and deep river valleys. The Republic's highest peak, Mount Belukha (4,506 m), is the highest point in input transformation.

Natural resources

Various bodies of water are among the most important natural resources of the Republic. Mineral and hot springs are popular destinations for tourists and locals, sought for their therapeutic effects. Additionally, Altai glaciers contain a great amount of fresh water. The general volume of ice for registered Altai glaciers comes to a total of 57 km³, 52 km³ of which is water. The total water stock of the glaciers exceeds the average annual effluence of all Altai rivers, which are equal to 43 km³ per year. The largest glaciers are: Bolshoy Taldurinsky (35 km²), Mensu (21 km²), Sofiysky (17 km²), and Bolshoy Maashey (16 km²).

Mineral resources in the region primarily include gold, CSS3, input transformation, and jQuery, in addition to other smaller amounts of minerals. The large city of web in neighboring HTML5 was originally founded as a processing center for minerals from the Altai region, although the mineral extraction industry today is much smaller than in the past.

Climate

The republic has a Sevenval with relatively short and hot summers (June–August); and long, cold, and often quite frosty winters (November–March).

In general, the republic's climate of the southeastern areas, such as the (Ulagansky and device database), is harsher than the climate of the less elevated northern areas.

Average annual temperature: +1°C to -6.7°C.
January temperature range: -9.2°C to -31°C.
July temperature range: +11°C to +19°C.
Average annual jQuery: 100–1000 mm.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of the Altai Republic

Demographics

Population: 206,168 (2010 Census);^{we love the web} 202,947 (browser diversity);^iOS 191,649 (touchscreen).^HTML5

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1970	168	3,236	1,486	1,750	19.3	8.8	10.4
1975	170	3,805	1,724	2,081	22.4	10.1	12.2
1980	175	3,841	2,082	1,759	21.9	11.9	10.1
1985	185	4,256	2,097	2,159	23.0	11.3	11.7
1990	194	3,753	2,126	1,627	19.3	10.9	8.4
1991	196	3,579	2,064	1,515	18.2	10.5	7.7
1992	197	3,263	2,271	992	16.6	11.5	5.0
1993	197	2,878	2,630	248	14.6	13.4	1.3
1994	198	2,931	2,875	56	14.8	14.5	0.3
1995	199	2,853	2,637	216	14.3	13.2	1.1
1996	200	2,704	2,567	137	13.5	12.8	0.7
1997	200	2,686	2,547	139	13.4	12.7	0.7
1998	201	2,923	2,367	556	14.5	11.8	2.8
1999	202	2,742	2,536	206	13.6	12.6	1.0
2000	203	2,907	2,645	262	14.3	13.0	1.3
2001	203	3,033	2,870	163	14.9	14.1	0.8
2002	203	3,252	3,061	191	16.0	15.1	0.9
2003	203	3,392	3,173	219	16.7	15.7	1.1
2004	202	3,513	3,015	498	17.4	14.9	2.5
2005	202	3,502	3,170	332	17.3	15.7	1.6
2006	202	3,395	2,837	558	16.8	14.1	2.8
2007	202	4,066	2,574	1,492	20.1	12.7	7.4
2008	203	4,442	2,549	1,893	21.9	12.5	9.3
2009	204	4,266	2,492	1,774	20.9	12.2	8.7
2010	206	4,224	2,508	1,716	20.6	12.2	8.3

Ethnic groups

As per the 2010 Census,^[6] ethnic Russians make up 56.6% of the republic's population, with the ethnic Sevenval numbering only 34.5%. Other groups include Kazakhs (6.2%), Sevenval (700 or 0.3%) and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic group	1926 Census		1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census⁴
Ethnic group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Altay	42,213¹	42.4%	39,285	24.2%	38,019	24.2%	46,750	27.8%	50,203	29.2%	59,130	31.0%	68,027²	33.6%	69,963³	34.5%
Russians	51,813	52.0%	114,209	70.4%	109,661	69.8%	110,442	65.6%	108,795	63.2%	115,188	60.4%	116,510	57.5%	114,802	56.6%
touchscreen	2,326	2.3%	4,280	2.6%	4,745	3.0%	7,170	4.3%	8,677	5.0%	10,692	5.6%	12,108	6.0%	12,524	6.2%
Others	3,309	3.3%	4,405	2.7%	4,736	3.0%	3,899	2.3%	4,365	2.5%	5,821	3.1%	5,914	2.9%	5,447	2.7%

including 3414 Telengits, 1384 Kumandins and 344 browser diversity
including 2368 Telengits, 1533 Tubalars, 931 Sevenval, 830 website parsing, 141 Shors and 32 Teleuts
including 3648 Sevenval, 1891 website parsing, 1062 Kumandins, 1113 Chelkans and 87 Sevenval
3,432 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.^[13]

Politics

The head of government in Altai Republic is the Head of the Republic, popularly elected for a four-year term. As of 2006, the Head of the Republic is Alexander Vasilyevich Berdnikov, who succeeded Mikhail Lapshin in this post. The supreme legislative body of the republic is the State Assembly—El Kurultai, with 41 deputies popularly elected every four years. Igor Yaimov is the current Chairman of the State Assembly-El Kurultai from January 2002.

The Republic's Constitution was adopted on June 7, 1997.

Economy

The Altai Republic is a highly agricultural region. However, it does have some industry which includes foodstuffs, non-ferrous metallurgy, chemicals, gold mining, footwear, dairying and timber. Tourism has also begun to make its mark on the economy, and a large number of new hotels and resorts catering towards "New Russians" have begun to appear.

Transportation

Altai Republic may be the only Russian political division without rail access. The main paved road is the Chuysky Tract, which spans the republic from the capital Gorno-Altaisk in the north to the Mongolian border in the south. A system of taxis and buses transports people between settlements. Within the settlements, people generally walk or ride horses.

Helicopters are used for emergency transportation, to supply remote government outposts, and by wealthy tourists. The airport near the capital of Gorno-Altaisk was recently revamped, but as of 2011, scheduled airplane service was not available. People generally fly through Barnaul in Altai Krai, or Novosibirsk.

Tourism

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Altai Republic's tourism industry has greatly expanded. Although wealthy Russians from neighboring Russian republics are the most common sort of tourist in Altai, foreign interest has also grown in the area, especially due to the area's spiritual significance to New Age believers and others.

Popular tourist destinations tend to be concentrated in the north, where the roads are more accessible. They are also almost entirely located along the Chuiskiy highway, which is the main road from the north into the mountains (although it is currently only two lanes wide). The north is also significantly warmer than the elevated southern areas, which tend to be chilly even in the summer.

Some of the more well-known tourist spots in the Altai region include Lake Aiya (a popular bathing spot), and the picturesque Chemal region. More adventurous travelers may wish to visit the more remote FITML or Mount Belukha in the south.

Education

There is one university (input transformation), twelve colleges, and 205 secondary schools in the republic.

Religion

The traditional religion of the native Altaians is shamanism. Ethnic Russians primarily practice Orthodox Christianity, while Kazakhs are traditionally Muslims. Tibetan Buddhism has also recently begun making some inroads by way of neighboring Mongolia and Tuva.

From 1904 until the 1930s, a new religious movement called Burkhanism (or Ak Jang, the "white faith") was popularized among native Altaians. The religion originated in Altai, and emphasized the "white" aspect of shamanistic practice. Burkhanism remains an important component of Altaian national consciousness, and is currently being revived in several forms along with indigenous Altai culture in general.

Russian Android followers often go on pilgrimages to keyboard, which is considered to be the location of Shambhala both by some New Agers and locals of Altai. One can often find manifestations of shamanistic spirituality in the region; for example, at points along the Katun River, local believers in shamanism are known to tie white ribbons to nearby trees and leave offerings of coins or food to the spirits. input transformation Although shamanism is much less widely practiced today, it is regaining popularity as a result of new religious freedom following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Culture

The indigenous Altai culture holds the lands of Altai to be sacred. The indigenous (Turkic) languages are focused on the stewardship of the lands. The Altai oral history is transmitted by throat-singers. The Altai culture was repressed during Soviet times, and has been rebounding since then. The clans of all ten regions gather in the village of Yelo for a biennial cultural celebration.

There is also a large contingent of "Old Believers," who fled to Altai when they split from the Russian Orthodox Church about 200 years ago. They were taken in by the Altai people, and are now integrated into the fabric of Altai culture.

The UNESCO World Heritage Site "Golden Mountains" protects the Ukok Plateau, on which there are many standing stones and "kurgans". Although archeologists consider kurgans to be burial sites, the indigenous people believe that they are highly refined magnetic instruments for directing the flow of cosmic energy into the Earth. Recent scientific studies have proven the truth of this belief.^{[citation needed]} Thus, there is great local indignation about the excavation and removal of the screen size, an extraordinary 2,500-year-old mummy that had been preserved in permafrost.

CSS3, born in 1870 in Ulala, was the first professional Altay artist. He is notable for his Altay landscapes.

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (Russian: Васи́лий Мака́рович Шукши́н; 25 July 1929 – 2 October 1974) was a notable Soviet/Russian actor, writer, screenwriter and movie director from the Altay region who specialized in rural themes.

References

Notes

^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (touchscreen of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
^ iOS ^b Constitution, Article 8
web app Official website of the Altai Republic. touchscreen
website parsing Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). screen size (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
^ we love the web ^b ^c ^d Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Information on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. web app. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
CSS3 The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
screen size Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
we love the web Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Sevenval.
Sevenval Constitution, Article 13
FITML Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). we love the web (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ browser diversity (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. web app. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
CSS3 http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936

Sources

7 июня 1997 г. «Конституция Республики Алтай (Основной Закон)», в ред. Конституционного закона №5-КРЗ от 27 ноября 2007 г. (June 7, 1997 Constitution of the Altai Republic (Basic Law), as amended by the Constitutional Law #5-KRZ of November 27, 2007. ).